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1 serve
1. transitive verb1) (work for) dienen (+ Dat.)2) (be useful to) dienlich sein (+ Dat.)this car served us well — dieses Auto hat uns gute Dienste getan
if my memory serves me right — wenn mich mein Gedächtnis nicht täuscht
3) (meet needs of) nutzen (+ Dat.)serve a/no purpose — einen Zweck erfüllen/keinen Zweck haben
serve its purpose or turn — seinen Zweck erfüllen
4) (go through period of) durchlaufen [Lehre]; absitzen, verbüßen [Haftstrafe]serve [one's] time — (undergo apprenticeship) seine Lehrzeit durchmachen; (undergo imprisonment) seine Zeit absitzen
6) (render obedience to) dienen (+ Dat.) [Gott, König, Land]7) (attend) bedienen8) (supply) versorgenserves three — (in recipe) für drei Personen od. Portionen
9) (provide with food) bedienen10) (make legal delivery of) zustellen12)2. intransitive verbserve[s] or it serves him right! — (coll.) [das] geschieht ihm recht!
1) (do service) dienenserve as chairman — das Amt des Vorsitzenden innehaben
serve on a jury — Geschworener/Geschworene sein
3) (be of use)serve to do something — dazu dienen, etwas zu tun
serve for or as — dienen als
4) (serve food)6) (Eccl.) ministrieren7) (Tennis etc.) aufschlagen3. nounit's your turn to serve — du hast Aufschlag
see academic.ru/66102/service">service 1. 8)Phrasal Verbs:- serve up* * *[sə:v] 1. verb1) (to work for a person etc eg as a servant: He served his master for forty years.) servieren2) (to distribute food etc or supply goods: She served the soup to the guests; Which shop assistant served you (with these goods)?) dienen3) (to be suitable for a purpose: This upturned bucket will serve as a seat.) dienen4) (to perform duties, eg as a member of the armed forces: He served (his country) as a soldier for twenty years; I served on the committee for five years.) dienen5) (to undergo (a prison sentence): He served (a sentence of) six years for armed robbery.) absitzen6) (in tennis and similar games, to start the play by throwing up the ball etc and hitting it: He served the ball into the net; Is it your turn to serve?) aufschlagen2. noun(act of serving (a ball).) der Aufschlag- server- serving
- it serves you right
- serve an apprenticeship
- serve out
- serve up* * *[sɜ:v, AM sɜ:rv]II. vt1. (in hotel, restaurant, shop)▪ to \serve sb jdn bedienenare you being \served, madam? werden Sie schon bedient, gnädige Frau?2. (present food, drink)what's a good wine to \serve with this dish? welchen Wein kann man zu diesem Gericht reichen?dinner is \served es ist angerichtetto \serve alcohol Alkohol ausschenkento \serve a meal ein Essen servieren3. (be enough for)▪ to \serve sb für jdn reichenall recipes will \serve 4 to 5 people alle Rezepte ergeben 4 bis 5 Portionen4. (work for)she \served the church faithfully for many years sie war jahrelang im Dienst der Kirche aktivto \serve sb's interests jds Interessen dienento \serve the public im Dienste der Öffentlichkeit stehen5. (complete due period)▪ to \serve sth etw ableistento \serve one's apprenticeship seine Lehrzeit absolvierento \serve five years as president eine fünfjährige Amtszeit als Präsident/Präsidentin durchlaufento \serve terms in office Amtszeiten durchlaufen6. (provide for)▪ to \serve sth etw versorgen7. (perform a function)to \serve a purpose einen Zweck erfüllenthis does not \serve any useful purpose das hat keinen praktischen Wertif my memory \serves me right wenn ich mich recht erinnere8. SPORTto \serve the ball Aufschlag haben; (in volleyball) Angabe habento \serve sb with papers jdm Papiere zustellen10.III. vi1. (provide food, drink) servieren\serve hot or cold kalt oder warm servieren2. (work for) dienen▪ to \serve as sth als etw fungierenshe \served as an interpreter sie fungierte als Dolmetscherinto \serve in the army in der Armee dienento \serve on a committee einem Ausschuss angehörento \serve on the council im Stadtrat sein, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ sitzento \serve on a jury Geschworene(r) f(m) sein3. (function)are these boxes sturdy enough to \serve as tables? sind diese Kisten stabil genug, um als Tische zu dienen?to \serve as a reminder/warning als Erinnerung/Mahnung dienenthis old penknife will \serve dieses alte Taschenmesser tut's fam* * *[sɜːv]1. vt1) (= work for) dienen (+dat); (= be of use) dienlich sein (+dat), nützen (+dat)he served his country/the company well — er hat sich um sein Land/die Firma verdient gemacht
he has served our cause faithfully — er hat sich um unsere Sache verdient gemacht, er hat unserer Sache treue Dienste geleistet
to serve sb's purpose — jds Zwecken (dat) dienen
it serves no useful purpose —
that will serve my needs — das ist genau (das), was ich brauche
this box has served us as a table — diese Kiste hat uns (dat) als Tisch gedient
2) (= work out) abdienen, ableisten; term of office durchlaufen; apprenticeship durchmachen; sentence verbüßen, absitzen (inf)3) (= supply) transport, gas etc versorgen4) (in shop) bedienento serve sb with 5 kilos of potatoes — jdm 5 kg Kartoffeln bringen or geben
I'm being served, thank you — danke, ich werde schon bedient or ich bekomme schon (inf)
5) (esp in restaurant) food, drink servieren; (= put on plate) aufgeben; guests bedienen; (waiter) bedienen, servieren (+dat); (= pour drink for) einschenken (+dat); wine etc einschenken; rations verteilen (to an +acc)dinner is served (butler) — das Essen or es ist aufgetragen; (host, hostess) darf ich zu Tisch bitten?
"serves three" (on packet etc) — "(ergibt) drei Portionen"
6) Mass, Communion ministrieren bei7) (TENNIS ETC) ball aufschlagento serve a summons on sb, to serve sb with a summons — jdn vor Gericht laden
the landlord served notice (to quit) on his tenants (esp Brit) — der Vermieter kündigte den Mietern
9) (old: treat) behandelnto serve sb ill — jdm einen schlechten Dienst erweisen, jdm übel mitspielen
(it) serves you right! (inf) — das geschieht dir( ganz) recht!
it serves him right for being so greedy (inf) — das geschieht ihm ganz recht, was muss er auch so gierig sein!
it would have served you right if... (inf) — es wäre dir ganz recht geschehen, wenn...
10) (stallion etc) decken2. vi1) (= do duty) dienento serve on the jury — Geschworene(r) mf sein
to serve on the council — Ratsmitglied nt sein
4)to serve as, to serve for — dienen als
it serves to show/explain... — das zeigt/erklärt...
these facts merely serve to prove my point — diese Fakten dienen lediglich dazu, mein Argument zu beweisen
3. n (TENNIS ETC)Aufschlag m* * *A v/iwith bei):serve under sb MIL unter jemandem dienen2. servieren, bedienen3. fungieren, amtieren ( beide:as als):serve on a committee einem Ausschuss angehören;serve on a jury als Geschworener fungieren4. dienen, nützen:it serves to do sth es dient dazu, etwas zu tun;it serves to show his cleverness daran kann man seine Klugheit erkennen5. genügen:it will serve das wird genügen oder den Zweck erfüllen;nothing serves but … hier hilft nichts als …6. günstig sein, passen:as occasion serves bei passender Gelegenheit7. dienen (as, for als):8. WIRTSCH bedienen:9. a) Tennis etc: aufschlagen, servieren:XY to serve Aufschlag XY;serve for the set (match) zum Satzgewinn (Matchgewinn) aufschlagen;serve to sb’s forehand ( into [ oder at] sb’s body) jemandem auf die Vorhand (auf den Körper) aufschlagenb) Volleyball: aufgeben10. KATH ministrierenB v/t3. seine Dienstzeit ( auch MIL) ableisten, seine Lehre machen, JUR (auch Eishockey etc) eine Strafe verbüßen, absitzen4. a) ein Amt innehaben, ausübenb) Dienst tun in (dat), ein Gebiet, einen Personenkreis betreuen, versorgenit serves no purpose es dient keinem Zweck;serve some private ends privaten Zwecken dienen“serves four” „ergibt vier Portionen“dinner is served! es ist serviert oder angerichtet!;serve sth up fig umg etwas auftischen9. MIL ein Geschütz etc bedienen10. versorgen ( with mit):11. umga) jemanden schändlich etc behandelnb) jemandem etwas zufügen:serve sb a trick jemandem einen Streich spielen;serve sb out es jemandem besorgen umg oder heimzahlen;(it) serves him right! (das) geschieht ihm ganz recht!12. befriedigen:serve one’s desire seiner Begierde frönen;serve the time sich der Zeit anpassen14. ZOOL eine Stute etc decken15. Tennis etc: den Ball aufschlagen:serve an ace ein Ass servieren17. TECH umwickeln* * *1. transitive verb1) (work for) dienen (+ Dat.)2) (be useful to) dienlich sein (+ Dat.)3) (meet needs of) nutzen (+ Dat.)serve a/no purpose — einen Zweck erfüllen/keinen Zweck haben
serve its purpose or turn — seinen Zweck erfüllen
4) (go through period of) durchlaufen [Lehre]; absitzen, verbüßen [Haftstrafe]serve [one's] time — (undergo apprenticeship) seine Lehrzeit durchmachen; (undergo imprisonment) seine Zeit absitzen
5) (dish up) servieren; (pour out) einschenken (to Dat.)6) (render obedience to) dienen (+ Dat.) [Gott, König, Land]7) (attend) bedienen8) (supply) versorgenserves three — (in recipe) für drei Personen od. Portionen
9) (provide with food) bedienen10) (make legal delivery of) zustellen11) (Tennis etc.) aufschlagen12)2. intransitive verbserve[s] or it serves him right! — (coll.) [das] geschieht ihm recht!
1) (do service) dienenserve on a jury — Geschworener/Geschworene sein
2) (be employed; be soldier etc.) dienen3) (be of use)serve to do something — dazu dienen, etwas zu tun
serve for or as — dienen als
4) (serve food)5) (attend in shop etc.) bedienen6) (Eccl.) ministrieren7) (Tennis etc.) aufschlagen3. nounPhrasal Verbs:- serve up* * *n.Aufschlag (Tennis) m. v.aufschlagen (Tennis) v.bedienen v.dienen v.servieren v. -
2 serve
1. II1) serve in some manner serve honestly (sincerely, faithfully, willingly. etc.) служить честно и т.д.2) serve in some manner serve quickly (immediately, willingly, etc.) обслуживать быстро и т.д.3) serve for some time serve long (по)служить долго2. III1) serve smb. serve a master (a boss, a family, a firm, an agency, etc.) кружить хозяину и т.д., работать на хозяина и т.д.; if my memory serves me coll. если мне не изменяет память; serve smth., smb. serve one's country (one's people, the cause of peace, the revolution, etc.) служить /посвятить себя/ родине и т.д., работать во имя родины и т.д.2) serve smth. serve smb.'s interests (smb.'s needs, smb.'s private ends, one's purpose, etc.) служить чьим-л. интересам и т.д.3) serve smb., smth. serve customers (clients, a district, an area, a town, etc.) обслуживать клиентов и т.д.; the bus-s remote areas автобус обслуживает отдаленные районы; this recipe (this dish, etc.) serves six этот рецепт и т.д. рассчитан на шесть порций4) serve smth. serve food (drinks, dinner, tea, wine, sandwiches, etc.) подавать еду и т.д.; shall I serve the soup разливать суп?; shall I serve the pudding? раскладывать пудинг?5) serve smth. serve one's sentence отбывать /отсиживать/ свой срок; serve one's time a) отслужить свой срок; б) отсидеть свой срок; serve time coll. отсидеть в тюрьме3. IV1) serve smth., smb. in some manner serve one's country loyally (the family faithfully, etc.) верно служить родине и т.д.; my memory (my eyes, my legs, etc.) serve me well (poorly) моя память и т.д. служит мне хорошо (плохо) || it serves him right так ему и надо, и поделом ему2) serve smb. in some manner the waitress served us quickly официантка обслужила нас быстро4. VIserve smth. in some state serve smth. hot (warm, cool, cold, etc.) подавать что-л. горячим и т.д.; they always serve their drinks iced они всегда подают напитки со льдом или со льда5. XIbe served are you being served? вас [уже] обслуживают?; be served by smth. all floors are served by an elevator лифт обслуживает все этажи; our district is served by a railway line в нашем районе есть железная дорога; be served out to smb. rations were served [out] to the troops солдатам раздали паек6. XIIIserve to do smth. it serves to show (to prove) that... это служит доказательством того, что...7. XVI1) serve for some time serve for a long time (for ages, for years, etc.) (послужить долго и т.д.; the coat has served for ten years это пальто носится уже десять лет; this amount will serve for a year этой суммы хватит на год; serve in smth. serve in an office (in a shop, in a firm, ill the kitchen, etc.) служить /работать/ в конторе и т.д.; serve in the Army (in the Air Force, in the Navy, etc.) служить в армии и т.д.; serve in the ranks служить рядовым; serve on smth. serve on a committee (on a jury. on the staff, on an expedition, etc.) быть членом /входить в состав/ комитета и т.д.; serve under smb., smth. serve under him /his command/ служить под его началом /руководством, командованием/2) serve at smth. serve at fable (at dinner, at meals, etc.) прислуживать за столом и т.д.3) serve with smth. serve with food (with drinks, with hot coffee, etc.) подавать еду и т.д., обносить едой и т.д.; serve with gas (with electricity, with water, etc.) снабжать газом и т.д.4) serve for smth. serve for a study (for a stage, for a shelf, etc.) служить кабинетом и т.д.; this will serve for a bag это можно использовать в качестве сумки; it will serve for this occasion на этот случай сойдет8. XX11) serve as smb. serve as a waiter (as a cook, as a butler, as a judge, etc.) служить /работать/ официантом и т.д.; she served as a maid for ten years она служила горничной десять лет2) serve as smth. serve as a table (as a bed, as a shelter, etc.) служить столбы /в качестве стола/ и т.д.; serve as evidence служить доказательством; it served as evidence against him это свидетельствовало против него: it will serve as a lesson (as a pretext, as an excuse, etc.) это послужит уроком и т.д.9. XXI11) serve smth. with smth. serve coffee with milk (tea with lemon, meat with vegetables, etc.) подавать кофе с молоком и т.д.; serve smth. in (on, etc.) smth. serve tea in bed (drinks in that room. food in the kitchen, etc.) подавать чай в постель и т.д.; serve supper on the veranda устроить ужин на веранде2) serve smb. for some time the coat has served me for ten years я ношу это пальто уже десять лет; the money will serve me for a month этих денег мне хватит на месяц10. XXIV11) serve smb. as smb. she served us as a maid она служила у нас горничной2) serve smb. as smth. it served us as a bed (as a table, etc.) это служило нам постелью и т.д. -
3 serve
sə:v
1. verb1) (to work for a person etc eg as a servant: He served his master for forty years.) servir2) (to distribute food etc or supply goods: She served the soup to the guests; Which shop assistant served you (with these goods)?) servir3) (to be suitable for a purpose: This upturned bucket will serve as a seat.) servir (de)4) (to perform duties, eg as a member of the armed forces: He served (his country) as a soldier for twenty years; I served on the committee for five years.) servir, prestar servicio5) (to undergo (a prison sentence): He served (a sentence of) six years for armed robbery.) cumplir6) (in tennis and similar games, to start the play by throwing up the ball etc and hitting it: He served the ball into the net; Is it your turn to serve?) sacar
2. noun(act of serving (a ball).) servicio- server- serving
- it serves you right
- serve an apprenticeship
- serve out
- serve up
serve1 n saquewhose serve is it? ¿a quién le toca sacar?serve2 vb1. servireat what you want, serve yourselves comed lo que queráis, servíos vosotros mismos2. atender3. sacartr[sɜːv]1 (work for) servir (as, de)■ she served the company loyally for fifty years sirvió fielmente a la empresa durante cincuenta años2 (customer) servir, atender; (food, drink) servir■ are you being served? ¿le atienden?■ dinner is served at 8.00 pm se sirve la cena a les 8.00■ we can't serve alcohol after 11.00 pm no podemos servir alcohol después de las 11.003 (be useful to) servir, ser útil4 (provide with service) prestar servicio a■ Barcelona is served by a good public transport system Barcelona dispone de un buen sistema de transporte público5 (complete period of time - apprenticeship) hacer; (- sentence) cumplir6 SMALLLAW/SMALL (summons, writ, court order, etc) entregar, hacer entrega de■ he was served with a summons fue citado para comparecer ante del juez, recibió una citación judicial7 (tennis) sacar, servir1 (work for) servir2 (in shop) atender; (food, drink) servir■ who wants to serve? ¿quién quiere servir?3 (be useful to) servir (as, de)4 (tennis) servir, sacar1 (tennis) saque nombre masculino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLif my memory serves me right/well si no me falla la memoria, si mal no recuerdoto serve at mass ayudar en misato serve somebody right tenerlo bien merecido alguiento serve time cumplir una condena1) : servirto serve in the navy: servir en la armadato serve on a jury: ser miembro de un jurado2) do, function: servirto serve as: servir de, servir como3) : sacar (en deportes)serve vt1) : servirto serve God: servir a Dios2) help: servirit serves no purpose: no sirve para nada3) : servir (comida o bebida)dinner is served: la cena está servida4) supply: abastecer5) carry out: cumplir, hacerto serve time: servir una pena6)to serve a summons : entregar una citaciónn.• servicio (Tenis) (•Deporte•) s.m.n.• saco s.m.• saque s.m.• saque en el tenis s.m. (Tennis)v.• sacar (Tenis) (•Deporte•) v.v.• abastecer v.• asistir v.• ayudar v.• escanciar v.• estar al servicio de v.• ser útil a v.• servir v.
I
1. sɜːrv, sɜːv1) ( work for) \<\<God/monarch/party\>\> servir* a2) (help, be useful to) servir*if (my) memory serves me correctly — si la memoria me es fiel, si la memoria no me falla
to serve somebody right — (colloq)
it serves her right! — se lo merece!, lo tiene bien merecido!, le está bien empleado! (Esp)
3)a) ( Culin) \<\<food/drink\>\> servir*serves four — ( in recipe) para cuatro personas; ( on packet) cuatro raciones or porciones
dinner is served — (frml) la cena está servida
b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*are you being served? — ¿lo atienden?
4) ( Transp)the bus route serving Newtown — el servicio or la línea de autobuses que va a Newtown
5) ( Law) \<\<summons/notice/order\>\> entregar*, hacer* entrega deto serve something on somebody to serve somebody with something: they served a summons on all the directors todos los directivos recibieron una citación judicial; she was served with divorce papers — recibió notificación de la demanda de divorcio
6) ( complete) \<\<apprenticeship\>\> hacer*; \<\<sentence\>\> cumplir
2.
vi1)a) ( be servant) (liter) servir*b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*c) ( distribute food) servir*2) (spend time, do duty)to serve in the army — servir* en el ejército
to serve on a committee — integrar una comisión, ser* miembro de una comisión
3) (have effect, function)to serve to + INF — servir* para + inf
let this serve as a warning — que esto te (or les etc) sirva de advertencia
4) ( Sport) sacar*, servir*•Phrasal Verbs:- serve up
II
noun servicio m, saque m[sɜːv]1. VT1) (=work for) [+ employer, God, country] servir ahe served his country well — sirvió dignamente a la patria, prestó valiosos servicios a la patria
2) (=be used for, be useful as) servirthat serves to explain... — eso sirve para explicar...
•
it serves you right — te lo mereces, te lo tienes merecido, te está bien empleadoit served him right for being so greedy — se lo mereció por ser tan glotón, le está bien empleado por glotón
3) (in shop, restaurant) [+ customer] servir, atender; [+ food, meal] servirare you being served, madam? — ¿le están atendiendo, señora?
main courses are served with vegetables or salad — el plato principal se sirve acompañado de verduras o ensalada
4) (=complete) cumplir, hacer•
to serve a prison sentence, serve time (in prison) — cumplir una condena or una pena de cárcel5) (Jur) [+ writ, summons] entregar6) (Travel)7) (Culin) (=be enough for)8) (Tennis etc)to serve the ball — servir (la bola), sacar
2. VI1) [servant, soldier] servirto serve on a committee/jury — ser miembro de una comisión/un jurado
2) (at mealtime) servirshall I serve? — ¿sirvo?
3) (in shop) atender4) (=be useful)to serve for or as — servir de
it serves to show that... — sirve para demostrar que...
5) (Tennis) sacar3.N (Tennis etc) servicio m, saque mwhose serve is it? — ¿quién saca?, ¿de quién es el servicio?
he has a strong serve — tiene un servicio or saque muy fuerte
- serve up* * *
I
1. [sɜːrv, sɜːv]1) ( work for) \<\<God/monarch/party\>\> servir* a2) (help, be useful to) servir*if (my) memory serves me correctly — si la memoria me es fiel, si la memoria no me falla
to serve somebody right — (colloq)
it serves her right! — se lo merece!, lo tiene bien merecido!, le está bien empleado! (Esp)
3)a) ( Culin) \<\<food/drink\>\> servir*serves four — ( in recipe) para cuatro personas; ( on packet) cuatro raciones or porciones
dinner is served — (frml) la cena está servida
b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*are you being served? — ¿lo atienden?
4) ( Transp)the bus route serving Newtown — el servicio or la línea de autobuses que va a Newtown
5) ( Law) \<\<summons/notice/order\>\> entregar*, hacer* entrega deto serve something on somebody to serve somebody with something: they served a summons on all the directors todos los directivos recibieron una citación judicial; she was served with divorce papers — recibió notificación de la demanda de divorcio
6) ( complete) \<\<apprenticeship\>\> hacer*; \<\<sentence\>\> cumplir
2.
vi1)a) ( be servant) (liter) servir*b) ( in shop) (BrE) atender*c) ( distribute food) servir*2) (spend time, do duty)to serve in the army — servir* en el ejército
to serve on a committee — integrar una comisión, ser* miembro de una comisión
3) (have effect, function)to serve to + INF — servir* para + inf
let this serve as a warning — que esto te (or les etc) sirva de advertencia
4) ( Sport) sacar*, servir*•Phrasal Verbs:- serve up
II
noun servicio m, saque m -
4 serve
[sə:v] v ծառայել, աշխատել, սպա սարկել. serve as ծառայել/աշխատել որպես. serve in the army բանակում ծառայել. (պետք գալ, պիտանի լինել) It will serve Դա այն է, ինչ ան հրաժեշտ է. It serves him right Նրան տեղն է. (պատիժը) կրել serve one’s sentence/time պատժի ժամ կետն ավարտել. (սպասարկել, մատուցել) The bus serves at night Ավտոբուսը սպա սարկում է գիշերը. serve dinner/coffee ճաշ/սուրճ մատուցել. Are you being served ? Ձեզ սպա սարկո՞ւմ են. Shall I serve the soup? Արգանակն արդեն բերե՞մ. serve notice ծանուցագիր հանձնել. ծառայել (որպես) serve as a seat որպես աթոռ ծառայել. If my memory serves me Եթե հիշողությունս ինձ չի դավաճանում. serve a writ/summons իրավ. դատարանի ծանու ցագիր ուղարկել. serve as an evidence որպես հանցացույց ծառայել. serve one’s sentence պա տիժը կրել. serve up a supper ընթրիք պատ րաստել -
5 serve
§ სამსახური; მირთმევა, მომსახურება სასადილოში§1 სამსახური (მსახურობს), მომსახურება (მოემსახურება)don't be nervous! You'll soon be served ნუ ნერვიულობთ! მალე მოგემსახურებიან2 სუფრაზე მიტანა (მიიტანს), მირთმევაto serve dinner / coffee სადილის გაწყობა // ყავის მიტანა3 მაგივრობის გაწევა (მაგივრობას გაუწევს)●●it serves you right! ახია შენზე!he served two years in prison ორი წელიწადი ციხეში იჯდა / გაატარაit will not serve the purpose არ ივარგებს / არ გამოდგება -
6 εἰμί
εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans3-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.2 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.ⓒ in explanations:α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, beⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.⑤ to be the time at which someth. takes place w. indications of specific moments or occasions, be (X., Hell. 4, 5, 1, An. 4, 3, 8; Sus 13 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:49; 2 Macc 8:26; Jos., Ant. 6, 235 νουμηνία δʼ ἦν; 11, 251): ἦν ὥρα ἕκτη it was the sixth hour (=noon acc. to Jewish reckoning) Lk 23:44; J 4:6; 19:14.—Mk 15:25; J 1:39. ἦν ἑσπέρα ἤδη it was already evening Ac 4:3. πρωί̈ J 18:28. ἦν παρασκευή Mk 15:42. ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων J 5:1. σάββατόν ἐστιν vs. 10 et al. Short clauses (as Polyaenus 4, 9, 2 νὺξ ἦν; 7, 44, 2 πόλεμος ἦν; exc. 36, 8 ἦν ἀρίστου ὥρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 248 ἔτι δὲ νὺξ ἦν) χειμὼν ἦν J 10:22; ἦν δὲ νύξ (sim. Jos., Bell. 4, 64) 13:30; ψύχος it was cold 18:18; καύσων ἔσται it will be hot Lk 12:55.⑥ to take place as a phenomenon or event, take place, occur, become, be, be in (Hom., Thu. et al.; LXX; En 104:5; 106:6.—Cp. Just., D. 82, 2 of Christ’s predictions ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι ‘which is in fact the case’.) ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ a popular uprising Mk 14:2. γογγυσμὸς ἦν there was (much) muttering J 7:12. σχίσμα there was a division 9:16; 1 Cor 1:10; 12:25. ἔριδες … εἰσίν quarrels are going on 1:11. δεῖ αἱρέσεις εἶναι 11:19. θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος ἔσται Rv 21:4. ἔσονται λιμοὶ κ. σεισμοί Mt 24:7. Hence τὸ ἐσόμενον what was going to happen (Sir 48:25) Lk 22:49. πότε ταῦτα ἔσται; when will this happen? Mt 24:3. πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; how can this be? Lk 1:34. Hebraistically (הָיָה; s. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 63–65) καὶ ἔσται w. fut. of another verb foll. and it will come about that Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 3:23 (w. δέ); Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).—W. dat. ἐστί τινι happen, be granted, come, to someone (X., An. 2, 1, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 255; Just., D. 8, 4 σοὶ … ἔλεος ἔσται παρὰ θεοῦ) Mt 16:22; Mk 11:24; Lk 2:10; GJs 1:1; 4:3; 8:3; τί ἐστίν σοι τοῦτο, ὅτι what is the matter with you, that GJs 17:2.—Of becoming or turning into someth. become someth. εἰς χολὴν πικρίας εἶναι become bitter gall Ac 8:23. εἰς σάρκα μίαν Mt 19:5; Mk 10:8; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (all Gen 2:24. Cp. Syntipas p. 42, 24 οὐκ ἔτι ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα); τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείας Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); εἰς πατέρα 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5 (2 Km 7:14; 1 Ch 22:10; 28:6); εἰς τὸ ἕν 1J 5:8.— Serve as someth. (IPriene 50, 39 [c. II B.C.] εἶναι εἰς φυλακὴν τ. πόλεως; Aesop., Fab. 28 H.=18 P.; 26 Ch.; 18 H-H. εἰς ὠφέλειαν; Gen 9:13; s. also εἰς 4d) 1 Cor 14:22; Col 2:22; Js 5:3.—Of something being ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται it will be more tolerable τινί for someone Lk 10:12, 14.⑦ to exist as possibility ἔστιν w. inf. foll. it is possible, one can (Περὶ ὕψους 6; Diog. L. 1, 110 ἔστιν εὑρεῖν=one can find; Just., A I, 59, 10 ἔστι ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι καὶ μαθεῖν; D. 42, 3 ἰδεῖν al.; Mel., P. 19, 127); neg. οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν it is not possible to speak at this time Hb 9:5. οὐκ ἔστιν φαγεῖν it is impossible to eat 1 Cor 11:20 (so Hom. et al.; UPZ 70, 23 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πώποτε … ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης; 4 Macc 13:5; Wsd 5:10; Sir 14:16; 18:6; EpJer 49 al.; EpArist 163; Jos., Ant. 2, 335; Ath. 22, 3 ἔστιν εἰπεῖν).⑧ to have a point of derivation or origin, be,/come from somewhere ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου from Herod’s jurisdiction Lk 23:7; ἐκ Ναζαρέτ (as an insignificant place) J 1:46; ἐκ τῆς γῆς 3:31; ἐκ γυναικός 1 Cor 11:8 al. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων be of heavenly (divine), human descent Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30; Lk 20:4. Be generated by (cp. Sb 8141, 21f [ins I B.C.] οὐδʼ ἐκ βροτοῦ ἤεν ἄνακτος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλου ἔκγονος; En 106:6) Mt 1:20. Esp. in Johannine usage ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου εἶναι originate from the devil J 8:44; 1J 3:8. ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 3:12; ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19; 17:14, 16; 1J 4:5. ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι 2:21; J 18:37 etc. Cp. 9 end.⑨ to belong to someone or someth. through association or genetic affiliation, be, belong w. simple gen. (X., Hell. 2, 4, 36; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 230 τῶν Πυθαγορείων) οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντες those who belong to the Way Ac 9:2. εἰμὶ Παύλου I belong to Paul 1 Cor 1:12; 3:4; cp. Ro 8:9; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Ti 1:20; Ac 23:6. ἡμέρας εἶναι belong to the day 1 Th 5:8, cp. vs. 5. W. ἔκ τινος 1 Cor 12:15f; Mt 26:73; Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58 al. (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 17; oft LXX). ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα belong to the twelve 22:3. ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν who is a fellow-countryman of yours Col 4:9.—To belong through origin 2 Cor 4:7. Of Mary: ἦν τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Δαυίδ was of David’s line GJs 10:1. Cp. 8 above.⑩ to have someth. to do with someth. or someone, be. To denote a close relationship ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἶναι rely on legal performance Gal 3:10. ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως the law has nothing to do with faith vs. 12.—To denote a possessor Mt 5:3, 10; l9:14; Mk 12:7; Lk 18:16; 1 Cor 6:19. Esp. of God who owns the Christian Ac 27:23; 1 Cor 3:23; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5). οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15 (cp. Just., A II, 13, 4 ὅσα … καλῶς εἴρηται, ἡμῶν τῶν χριστιανῶν ἐστι).—W. possess. pron. ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία Lk 6:20. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι Mk 10:40 (cp. Just., A I, 4, 2 ὑμέτερον ἀγωνιᾶσαί ἐστι ‘it is a matter for your concern’).—To denote function (X., An. 2, 1, 4) οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν it is no concern of yours Ac 1:7—Of quality παιδεία οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι discipline does not seem to be (partake of) joy Hb 12:11.—10:39.⑪ as an auxiliary: very commonly the simple tense forms are replaced by the periphrasis εἶναι and the ptc. (B-D-F §352–55; Mlt. 225–27, 249; Mlt-H. 451f; Rdm.2 102, 105, 205; Kühner-G. I 38ff; Rob. 374–76, 1119f; CTurner, Marcan Usage: JTS 28, 1927 349–51; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 7f; very oft. LXX).ⓐ (as in Hom et al.) w. the pf. ptc. to express the pf., plpf. and fut. pf. act. and pass. (s. Mayser 329; 377) ἦσαν ἐληλυθότες they had come Lk 5:17. ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη their hearts were hardened Mk 6:52. ἠλπικότες ἐσμέν we have set our hope 1 Cor 15:19. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν the time has become short 7:29. ἦν ἑστώς (En 12:3) he was standing (more exactly he took his stand) Lk 5:1.ⓑ w. pres. ptc. (B-D-F §353).α. to express the pres. ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα supplies the wants 2 Cor 9:12 (Just., A I, 26, 5 Μαρκίων … καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων; Mel., P. 61, 441 ἐστὶν … κηρυσσόμενον).β. impf. or aor. ἦν καθεύδων he was sleeping Mk 4:38. ἦσαν ἀναβαίνοντες … ἦν προάγων 10:32; cp. Lk 1:22; 5:17; 11:14 al. (JosAs 1:3 ἦν συνάγων τὸν σίτον; Mel., P. 80, 580 ἦσθα εὐφραινόμενος). ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀλήθινόν … ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον the true light entered the world J 1:9, w. ἦν introducing a statement in dramatic contrast to the initial phrase of vs. 8.—To denote age (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 2 al. Jac.; POxy 275, 9 [66 A.D.] οὐδέπω ὄντα τῶν ἐτῶν; Tob 14:11) Mk 5:42; Lk 3:23; Ac 4:22; GJs 12:3.—Mussies 304–6.γ. fut. ἔσῃ σιωπῶν you will be silent Lk 1:20; cp. 5:10; Mt 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17, 24 al.; 2 Cl 17:7 Bihlm. (the child) shall serve him (God).ⓒ w. aor. ptc. as plpf. (Aelian, NA 7, 11; Hippiatr. 34, 14, vol. I p. 185, 3 ἦν σκευάσας; ISyriaW 2070b ἦν κτίσας; AcThom 16; 27 [Aa II/2 p. 123, 2f; p. 142, 10]; B-D-F §355 m.—JVogeser, Z. Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 14; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopleustes, diss. Munich 1913, 20; SPsaltes, Gramm. d. byzant. Chroniken 1913, 230; Björck [διδάσκω end] 75; B-D-F §355). ἦν βληθείς had been thrown Lk 23:19; J 18:30 v.l.—GPt 6:23; 12:51. (Cp. Just., A II, 10, 2 διʼ εὑρέσεως … ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς ‘they achieved through investigation’).ⓓ Notice esp. the impersonals δέον ἐστίν it is necessary (Pla. et al.; POxy 727, 19; Sir praef. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11 δέον ἐστὶν καὶ πρέπον) Ac 19:36; εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. δεῖ 2a); 1 Cl 34:2; πρέπον ἐστίν it is appropriate (Pla. et al.; POxy 120, 24; 3 Macc 7:13) Mt 3:15; 1 Cor 11:13.ⓔ In many cases the usage w. the ptc. serves to emphasize the duration of an action or condition (BGU 183, 25 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον ζῶσα ᾖ Σαταβούς); JosAs 2:1 ἦν … ἐξουθενοῦσα καὶ καταπτύουσα πάντα ἄνδρα). ἦν διδάσκων he customarily taught Mk 1:22; Lk 4:31; 19:47. ἦν θέλων he cherished the wish 23:8. ἦσαν νηστεύοντες they were keeping the fast Mk 2:18. ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες they were conversing for a while 9:4. ἦν προσδεχόμενος he was waiting for (the kgdm.) 15:43. ἦν συγκύπτουσα she was bent over Lk 13:11.ⓕ to emphasize the adjectival idea inherent in the ptc. rather than the concept of action expressed by the finite verb ζῶν εἰμι I am alive Rv 1:18. ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος he was obedient Lk 2:51. ἦν ἔχων κτήματα πολλά he was very rich Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων you shall have authority Lk 19:17 (Lucian, Tim. 35 ἴσθι εὐδαιμονῶν). ἦν καταλλάσσων (God) was reconciling 2 Cor 5:19 (cp. Mel., P. 83, 622 οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενός σε; Ath. 15, 2 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ … καρπούμενος).—LMcGaughy, Toward a Descriptive Analysis of ΕΙΝΑΙ as a Linking Verb in the Gk. NT, diss. Vanderbilt, ’70 (s. esp. critique of treatment of εἰμί in previous edd. of this lexicon pp. 12–15).—Mlt. 228. B. 635. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 ספק II
סָפַקII (b. h. שָׂפק) to divide, distribute; to supply; to suffice. Mekh. Bshall., Vayass‘a, s. 1 ולא סָפְקוּ אלאוכ׳ and they supplied water for only seventy date trees; כיון … וספקו להם ושנווכ׳ when the Israelites came and six hundred thousand men encamped around them, they supplied them (with drinking water), and this a second and a third time. Pi. סִיפֵּק to supply, furnish. Ib. s. 6 אם מְסַפֵּק לנו צרכנווכ׳ (ed. Weiss מַסְפִּיק, Hif.) if he supplies our wants, we shall serve him B. Mets. IX, 1 (103b) שניהם מְסַפְּקִין את הקנים the two together have to furnish the needed poles. Sot.11b היו מְסַפְּקוֹת להם מים ומזון they supplied them with water and food; a. fr.(Midr. Till. to Ps. 92 לספק לו, v. סְפִיקוּלָא I.V. סִיפּוּק II. Hif. הִסְפִּיק 1) to distribute, supply. Lev. R. s. 4 (ref. to יספוק, Job 34:37) אתה מַסְפִּיק בנינווכ׳ thou distributest thy sins among us, i. e. we have to suffer for thy sins; Yalk. Job 920 משתיק (corr. acc.; Var. משְׂפִּיק). Mekh. l. c., v. supra; a. e. 2) (with ביד) to give sufficient time or power; to allow an opportunity. Ab. V, 18 אין מַסְפִּיקִין בידווכ׳ no time (or opportunity) will be given him to do repentance; Yoma 87a; Tosef. ib. V (IV), 11. Ib. 10 אין מספיקין בידווכ׳ he will be given no opportunity (temptation) to sin; a. fr. 3) to have sufficient time, power ; to succeed, finish. Taan.21a לא הִסְפַּקְתִּי לפרוקוכ׳ I had not yet finished unloading when Y. Ber.IX, 14b bot. לאה׳ לומר עדוכ׳ he had not yet finished saying Shm‘a, when he expired; a. fr.(Ib. 14a מספיק למדינה, v. סָפַח. Hitpa. הִסְתַּפֵּק Nithpa. נִסְתַּפֵּק 1) to be supplied, to supply ones self. Pes.8a במִסְתַּפֵּק when it is a store-room from which supplies are taken for the table; ib. b. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 44d bot. אבותיכם היו מִסְתַּפְּקִין משלנווכ׳ (not בשלנו) your fathers used to buy supplies (of wine) of our fathers, why do you not buy of us? Y.Dem.III, 23c, a. e. מִסְתַּפֶּקֶת, v. סִידְקִי. Erub.88a אדם עשוי להִסְתַּפֵּק סאתיםוכ׳ a person usually consumes two Sah of water a day (from the supply in the cistern); a. fr.Der. Er. ch. VII ונִסְתַּפְּקוּ they ate and were amply supplied (enjoyed their meal). 2) (cmp. סָפֵק) to be doubtful Y.Yeb.XI, end, 12b נ׳ לו he was in doubt. -
8 סָפַק
סָפַקII (b. h. שָׂפק) to divide, distribute; to supply; to suffice. Mekh. Bshall., Vayass‘a, s. 1 ולא סָפְקוּ אלאוכ׳ and they supplied water for only seventy date trees; כיון … וספקו להם ושנווכ׳ when the Israelites came and six hundred thousand men encamped around them, they supplied them (with drinking water), and this a second and a third time. Pi. סִיפֵּק to supply, furnish. Ib. s. 6 אם מְסַפֵּק לנו צרכנווכ׳ (ed. Weiss מַסְפִּיק, Hif.) if he supplies our wants, we shall serve him B. Mets. IX, 1 (103b) שניהם מְסַפְּקִין את הקנים the two together have to furnish the needed poles. Sot.11b היו מְסַפְּקוֹת להם מים ומזון they supplied them with water and food; a. fr.(Midr. Till. to Ps. 92 לספק לו, v. סְפִיקוּלָא I.V. סִיפּוּק II. Hif. הִסְפִּיק 1) to distribute, supply. Lev. R. s. 4 (ref. to יספוק, Job 34:37) אתה מַסְפִּיק בנינווכ׳ thou distributest thy sins among us, i. e. we have to suffer for thy sins; Yalk. Job 920 משתיק (corr. acc.; Var. משְׂפִּיק). Mekh. l. c., v. supra; a. e. 2) (with ביד) to give sufficient time or power; to allow an opportunity. Ab. V, 18 אין מַסְפִּיקִין בידווכ׳ no time (or opportunity) will be given him to do repentance; Yoma 87a; Tosef. ib. V (IV), 11. Ib. 10 אין מספיקין בידווכ׳ he will be given no opportunity (temptation) to sin; a. fr. 3) to have sufficient time, power ; to succeed, finish. Taan.21a לא הִסְפַּקְתִּי לפרוקוכ׳ I had not yet finished unloading when Y. Ber.IX, 14b bot. לאה׳ לומר עדוכ׳ he had not yet finished saying Shm‘a, when he expired; a. fr.(Ib. 14a מספיק למדינה, v. סָפַח. Hitpa. הִסְתַּפֵּק Nithpa. נִסְתַּפֵּק 1) to be supplied, to supply ones self. Pes.8a במִסְתַּפֵּק when it is a store-room from which supplies are taken for the table; ib. b. Y.Ab. Zar. V, 44d bot. אבותיכם היו מִסְתַּפְּקִין משלנווכ׳ (not בשלנו) your fathers used to buy supplies (of wine) of our fathers, why do you not buy of us? Y.Dem.III, 23c, a. e. מִסְתַּפֶּקֶת, v. סִידְקִי. Erub.88a אדם עשוי להִסְתַּפֵּק סאתיםוכ׳ a person usually consumes two Sah of water a day (from the supply in the cistern); a. fr.Der. Er. ch. VII ונִסְתַּפְּקוּ they ate and were amply supplied (enjoyed their meal). 2) (cmp. סָפֵק) to be doubtful Y.Yeb.XI, end, 12b נ׳ לו he was in doubt. -
9 قدم
قَدَّمَ \ accord: to give; allow: He was accorded permission to use the library. contribute: to give sth. for a common purpose: Each of us contributed (a pound) to the cost of the gift. give: to cause sb. to have (sth.); provide: What gave you that idea? Who gave you that cut on your face? Sheep give us wool, (with a noun that can also be a verb) to make he gave a shout (or He shouted). He gave me his promise (or He promised). hold out: to offer (for sb. else to take): He held out his plate for some food. introduce: to make (sb. or sth.) known to sb.: I introduced him to my father. I introduced them (to each other). He introduced me to the art of fishing. offer: to give sb. the chance to accept (sth.): They offered the job to the younger woman, but she refused it. present: to give formally; hand over: He presented me with a bill for $5, to put forward; show She presented her plans to the meeting. produce: to show (a ticket, proof, etc.) so as to satisfy sb.. render: to give, as a duty (help, thanks etc.). \ See Also منح (مَنَحَ)، أَضْفَى على، ساهم في (سَاهَمَ في)، عَرَّف بِـ، عرض (عَرَضَ)، برز (بَرَزَ) \ قَدَّمَ \ help: to serve sb. with food or drink: Help yourself to some coffee. Let me help you to some cake. \ See Also نَاوَلَ طعامًا \ قَدَّمَ الاحترام \ pay one’s respects: to express polite formal greetings. \ قَدَّمَ الأضاحي \ sacrifice: to offer (sth.) ceremonially to a god: The ancient Greeks sacrificed animals on important feast days. \ قَدَّمَ التماسًا \ petition: to ask (the government) through a petition: We petitioned (the government) for a speed limit in our street. \ See Also عريضة (عَريضة) \ قَدَّمَ امتحانًا \ sit (for) an examination: to take a public exam: I’m going to sit (for) the university entrance exam. \ قَدَّمَ تَرْضِية \ make amends: to show that one is sorry, by doing sth. helpful: I must make amends for the harm I have done. \ قَدَّمَ تقريرًا عن \ report: to give an account of (sth.): The newspapers report events and speeches. You must report the accident to the police. I shall report you to the headmaster (I shall tell him about your wrongdoing). Please report on your visit when you return. \ قَدَّمَ الحُجَّة \ argue: to give a serious opinion, with reasons: The writer of this book argues that there is life on Mars. \ See Also الدَّليل \ قَدَّمَ الطعام \ serve: to share out food or drink: My wife served coffee to our guests. \ See Also الشَّراب \ قَدَّمَ طَلَبًا \ apply: to ask, esp. in writing: He applied (to me) for permission. \ قَدَّمَ طَلبًا لِـ \ apply for: (esp. a job): Fifty people have applied for the job. \ قَدَّمَ العَوْن \ lend a hand: to help: Would you lend me a hand with moving this big table?. \ قَدَّمَ مُتَطَوِّعًا \ volunteer: to offer willingly (without being forced): He volunteered to join the army. \ قَدَّمَ نَصيحة \ counsel: to give an opinion or advice about what sb. else should do. \ قَدَّمَ نَفسَه \ report: to go somewhere and state one’s name (and be ready to receive orders): Report to my office at 6.00. Report for duty as soon as you get there. \ قَدَّم هَدِيّة \ present: to give (sth.) as a present, often ceremonially: The firm presented a gold watch to their chief clerk. They presented him with a watch. -
10 שמש
שָׁמַשPi. שִׁימֵּש (Shaf. of מוש, משש) 1) (to handle, be busy,) to minister, officiate. Yoma VII, 5 כהן גדול מְשַׁמֵּשוכ׳ the high priest officiates in eight garments, and the common priests in four. Y. ib. 44b bot. מפני מה אינו משמשוכ׳ why does he not officiate (on the Day of Atonement) dressed in gold? Lev. R. s. 21 מקדש ראשוןע״י ששִׁמְּשוּ בווכ׳ during the first Temple, because they ministered in faithfulness, only eighteen high priests officiated in it. Yoma 47a ש׳ תחתיו officiated in his place. Ib. וכולן שמשו בכהונהוכ׳ and all of them performed the functions of high priesthood. Y.Sot.IX, 24a אלו שימשו פרנסות the former served in an administrative capacity (not merely as scholars). Tanḥ. Bo 4 חשך ואפלה שמשו … ולא עתידין לשַׁמֵּש ‘darkness and mist served (as divine agents) in Egypt, but ‘void and waste never served, and never shall serve; Yalk. Is. 360. Gen. R. 8. 33, end לא שמשו מזלותוכ׳ the planets did not perform their functions during all the twelve months (of the flood); שמשו אלא … ניכר they did act, only that their mark was not recognizable. Y.Yoma III, 41a top חמשה … הסגן משמש the Sagan had five functions to perform. Tam.V, 5 שלשה … מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת it served three purposes. Midd. I, 6 ומה היו מְשַׁמְּשוֹת and what were they used for? R. Hash. 3a כי משמשוכ׳ ki serves for four meanings, v. דִּילְמָא I; a. fr.Euphem. ש׳ מטתו, or only ש׳ to perform the marital duty; in gen. to couple (also of animals). Nidd.17a. Ib. II, 1. Bekh.8a; Gen. R. s. 20; a. fr.Mikv. VIII, 4 שִׁמְּשָׁה את ביתה, v. בַּיִת.Ned.II, 1 קונם שאיני מְשַׁמְּשָׁךְ I vow that I will not have intercourse with thee. Ib. 15b; Keth.71b מְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ she must allow him marital intercourse; a. fr. 2) (denom. of שַׁמָּש) to attend, serve, wait upon. Ab. I, 3 המְשַׁמְּשִׁין את הרב, v. עֶבֶר. Sabb.32b זוכה ומשמשין לווכ׳ he will live to see himself waited upon by two thousand … servants. Kidd.32b מצינו גדול ממנו שש׳ we find that a greater man than he waited (upon his guests); Yalk. Ex. 229; a. fr.Esp. (of students) to be in attendance upon a scholar as a disciple. Ber.47b אפי׳ … ולא ש׳ תלמידיוכ׳ even if one has studied the Bible and the Mishnah, but has failed to wait upon scholars, he is considered an ʿam haarets (v. אֶרֶץ). Sot.47b שלא שִׁימְּשוּ כל צורכן who did not wait upon scholars sufficiently. Y.Sabb.X, 12c bot. שִׁמַּשְׁתִּי את אבאוכ׳, v. יְשִׁיבָה Ib. III, 6a (in Chald. dict.) ילא שי׳, v. סָבוֹרָא; a. fr. Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּמֵּש, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּמֵּש (with ב) to be handled, be used for; (of persons) to make use of, be waited upon. Snh.48b נ׳ בהן קודש אסור להִשְׁתַּמֵּש בהן חול having once been used for a sacred purpose, it is forbidden to use them for a secular purpose. B. Mets.84b כלישנ׳ … יִשְׁתַּמֵּש בו חול shall a vessel that has been used for a sacred purpose, be used for a profane purpose (i. e. shall I marry one inferior to my first husband)? Midr. Till., to Ps. 119:134 כלישנ׳ בו מלךוכ׳ a vessel which the king has used, v. סָגָן. Ḥull.60b שיִשְׁתַּמְּשוּ בכתר אחד, v. כֶּתֶר. Koh. R. to II, 5 ברוחות … מִשְׁתַּמֵשוכ׳ Solomon made use of the spirits, and he sent to India Ber.52b אסור להשתמש בשמשוכ׳ you must not be waited upon by an ignorant waiter. Gen. R. s. 37; Yalk. ib. 62 שהיו מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין ברוה״ק (not משמשין) who made use of (acted under) holy inspiration; a. fr. -
11 שָׁמַש
שָׁמַשPi. שִׁימֵּש (Shaf. of מוש, משש) 1) (to handle, be busy,) to minister, officiate. Yoma VII, 5 כהן גדול מְשַׁמֵּשוכ׳ the high priest officiates in eight garments, and the common priests in four. Y. ib. 44b bot. מפני מה אינו משמשוכ׳ why does he not officiate (on the Day of Atonement) dressed in gold? Lev. R. s. 21 מקדש ראשוןע״י ששִׁמְּשוּ בווכ׳ during the first Temple, because they ministered in faithfulness, only eighteen high priests officiated in it. Yoma 47a ש׳ תחתיו officiated in his place. Ib. וכולן שמשו בכהונהוכ׳ and all of them performed the functions of high priesthood. Y.Sot.IX, 24a אלו שימשו פרנסות the former served in an administrative capacity (not merely as scholars). Tanḥ. Bo 4 חשך ואפלה שמשו … ולא עתידין לשַׁמֵּש ‘darkness and mist served (as divine agents) in Egypt, but ‘void and waste never served, and never shall serve; Yalk. Is. 360. Gen. R. 8. 33, end לא שמשו מזלותוכ׳ the planets did not perform their functions during all the twelve months (of the flood); שמשו אלא … ניכר they did act, only that their mark was not recognizable. Y.Yoma III, 41a top חמשה … הסגן משמש the Sagan had five functions to perform. Tam.V, 5 שלשה … מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת it served three purposes. Midd. I, 6 ומה היו מְשַׁמְּשוֹת and what were they used for? R. Hash. 3a כי משמשוכ׳ ki serves for four meanings, v. דִּילְמָא I; a. fr.Euphem. ש׳ מטתו, or only ש׳ to perform the marital duty; in gen. to couple (also of animals). Nidd.17a. Ib. II, 1. Bekh.8a; Gen. R. s. 20; a. fr.Mikv. VIII, 4 שִׁמְּשָׁה את ביתה, v. בַּיִת.Ned.II, 1 קונם שאיני מְשַׁמְּשָׁךְ I vow that I will not have intercourse with thee. Ib. 15b; Keth.71b מְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ she must allow him marital intercourse; a. fr. 2) (denom. of שַׁמָּש) to attend, serve, wait upon. Ab. I, 3 המְשַׁמְּשִׁין את הרב, v. עֶבֶר. Sabb.32b זוכה ומשמשין לווכ׳ he will live to see himself waited upon by two thousand … servants. Kidd.32b מצינו גדול ממנו שש׳ we find that a greater man than he waited (upon his guests); Yalk. Ex. 229; a. fr.Esp. (of students) to be in attendance upon a scholar as a disciple. Ber.47b אפי׳ … ולא ש׳ תלמידיוכ׳ even if one has studied the Bible and the Mishnah, but has failed to wait upon scholars, he is considered an ʿam haarets (v. אֶרֶץ). Sot.47b שלא שִׁימְּשוּ כל צורכן who did not wait upon scholars sufficiently. Y.Sabb.X, 12c bot. שִׁמַּשְׁתִּי את אבאוכ׳, v. יְשִׁיבָה Ib. III, 6a (in Chald. dict.) ילא שי׳, v. סָבוֹרָא; a. fr. Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּמֵּש, Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּמֵּש (with ב) to be handled, be used for; (of persons) to make use of, be waited upon. Snh.48b נ׳ בהן קודש אסור להִשְׁתַּמֵּש בהן חול having once been used for a sacred purpose, it is forbidden to use them for a secular purpose. B. Mets.84b כלישנ׳ … יִשְׁתַּמֵּש בו חול shall a vessel that has been used for a sacred purpose, be used for a profane purpose (i. e. shall I marry one inferior to my first husband)? Midr. Till., to Ps. 119:134 כלישנ׳ בו מלךוכ׳ a vessel which the king has used, v. סָגָן. Ḥull.60b שיִשְׁתַּמְּשוּ בכתר אחד, v. כֶּתֶר. Koh. R. to II, 5 ברוחות … מִשְׁתַּמֵשוכ׳ Solomon made use of the spirits, and he sent to India Ber.52b אסור להשתמש בשמשוכ׳ you must not be waited upon by an ignorant waiter. Gen. R. s. 37; Yalk. ib. 62 שהיו מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין ברוה״ק (not משמשין) who made use of (acted under) holy inspiration; a. fr. -
12 קני
קני, קָנָה(b. h.) ( to estabIish, 1) (cmp. קום, Gen. 23:17) to create; to acquire, own; to take possession. R. Hash. 31a (ref. to Ps. 24 recited in the Temple on the first day of the week) על שם שק׳ והקנהוכ׳ because he (the Lord in establishing the world) took possession and gave (his creatures) possession (invested them with a fief), and became the sovereign of the world. Kidd.I, 1 האשה קוֹנָה את עצמהוכ׳ a wife acquires herself (becomes independent) when she receives her divorce Ib. 20a כל הקוֹנֶה … כקונהוכ׳ whoever buys a Hebrew bondman creates, as it were, a master over himself. B. Mets.75b הקונה אדון לעצמו he who creates a master over himself, expl. תולה נכסיו בנכרי who (in order to evade obligations) hangs his property on a gentile (pretends to be merely the agent of a gentile); (another explan.) הכותב נכסיווכ׳ who transfers his property to his children during his lifetime. Gitt.37b sq. (ref. to Lev. 25:45) אתם קוֹנִיםוכ׳ you may buy (as a slave) one of them, but they cannot buy one of you, nor can they buy of one another. Ib. יכול לא יִקְנוּ זה את זה למעשה ידיו you may think, they cannot buy one another for the work (as long as the serf choses to be in the masters power); ולא הם קוֹנִים … לגופו they cannot buy of one another a bodily slave (who requires formal manumission to be a freeman). B. Mets.46b bot. מכור לי באלו ק׳ if one says, sell me (a certain object) for these (coins which I hold in my hand), he has bought (the sale is valid). Ib. IV, 1 הזהב קונהוכ׳, v. זָהָב. Ib. מעות הרעות קוֹנוֹתוכ׳ the delivery of cancelled coins effects the purchase of the valid coins. Ib. 47b מעות קונות the delivery of the purchasing money gives possession (no formal possession of the purchased object (מְשִׁיכָה) being required). Kidd.22b הגבהה קונה lifting up the purchased object makes the sale binding; a. v. fr. 2) to make sure; to obligate a person by a special symbolical act (קִנְיָן); to enter into an obligation by a special symbolical form. Gitt.51a בשקָנוּ מידו when they (the court, witnesses) made him obligate himself (that his widow should receive support from his estate); בשקנו לזו ולא קנו לזו when such an obligation was entered with reference to this (his wifes case), but not with reference to that (his daughters case). B. Mets.47a במה קונין … בכליו של קונה wherewith is the bargain made sure?… By handing over one of the garments (or any object) belonging to the purchaser; דניחא ליה לקונה דליהוי מקנה קונהוכ׳ for the purchaser likes the seller to obligate himself, in order that he may be sure to give him possession; a. fr.Ib. 48b when he said to him, ערבוני יָקוּן (fr. קון = קנה) my earnest money shall serve to make the purchase sure.Part. pass. קָנוּי; f. קְנוּיָה; pl. קְנוּיִים, קְנוּיִין; קְנוּיוֹת. Kidd.16a עבד עברי גופו ק׳ והרבוכ׳ a Hebrew bondman is owned bodily (to the end of his term), and if the master allowed him a reduction of his time, his allowance is not legally binding (the slave not being able to acquire himself); ib. 28a; B. Kam. 113b. Gen. R. s. 86 (ref. to Gen. 39:1) הקנויין קונין וכלוכ׳ as a rule those who are owned make themselves owners (slaves enrich themselves by robbing their master), and all slaves cause decrease to their masters house, but in this case ‘the Lord blessed (ib. 5); Yalk. ib. 145 הקונין קונין (corr. acc.); a. fr.Tosef.Ned.IV, 6 קונם … שאני קנוי the axe of which I am possessed be forbidden (v. קוֹנָם), i. e. I swear that I have no axe; Ned.35a (Rashi שאינו ק׳ I swear that another axe is not owned by me).Y.Peah IV, 18b השעה קנויה, read: פְּנוּיָה, v. פָּנוּי. Nif. נִקְנֶה to be acquired, owned, bought. Kidd.20a (ref. to Lev. 25:14) דבר הנ׳ מיד ליד this refers to what is bought from hand to hand (movable goods). Ib. I, 1 האשה נִקְנֵיתוכ׳ a wife can be acquired in three ways. Ib. 6b אין אשה נ׳ בחליפין a wife cannot be taken possession of by symbolical delivery (חֲלִיפִין). Ib. I, 3 עבד כנעני נ׳ בכסףוכ׳ a Canaanite slave is taken possession of (is considered owned) either by delivery of the purchasing money, or by a deed, or by undisturbed possession (חֲזָקָה). Ib. 5 נכסים שיש … נִקְנִיןוכ׳ landed property is acquired by means of handing over the money, but movables cannot be acquired otherwise than by taking hold (מְשִׁיכָה). Ib. 22b תִּקָּנֶה בביאח let her be acquired (become his slave) by coition; a. fr. Hif. הִקְנָה to give possession, sell, transfer. R. Hash. l. c., v. supra. Snh.81b ולמַקְנוֹ, v. קוֹנֶה. Keth.82b אשה הִקְנוּ לווכ׳ it is heaven that gave him a wife (through his brothers death without issue); Yeb.39a. B. Mets.47a בכליו של מַקְנֶה, v. supra. Ib. 33b, a. fr. אין אדם מקנה דברוכ׳ none can give possession of (sell) what does not yet exist (future crops); a. fr.Esth. R. introd. (ref. to Deut. 28:68 sq.) למה ואין קונה …ע״י שלא הִקְנִיתֶם אלהוכ׳ why ‘no purchaser?… Because you have not transmitted ‘these words of the covenant, for there is none among you making the five books of the Law his own (v. קוֹנֶה). -
13 קנה
קני, קָנָה(b. h.) ( to estabIish, 1) (cmp. קום, Gen. 23:17) to create; to acquire, own; to take possession. R. Hash. 31a (ref. to Ps. 24 recited in the Temple on the first day of the week) על שם שק׳ והקנהוכ׳ because he (the Lord in establishing the world) took possession and gave (his creatures) possession (invested them with a fief), and became the sovereign of the world. Kidd.I, 1 האשה קוֹנָה את עצמהוכ׳ a wife acquires herself (becomes independent) when she receives her divorce Ib. 20a כל הקוֹנֶה … כקונהוכ׳ whoever buys a Hebrew bondman creates, as it were, a master over himself. B. Mets.75b הקונה אדון לעצמו he who creates a master over himself, expl. תולה נכסיו בנכרי who (in order to evade obligations) hangs his property on a gentile (pretends to be merely the agent of a gentile); (another explan.) הכותב נכסיווכ׳ who transfers his property to his children during his lifetime. Gitt.37b sq. (ref. to Lev. 25:45) אתם קוֹנִיםוכ׳ you may buy (as a slave) one of them, but they cannot buy one of you, nor can they buy of one another. Ib. יכול לא יִקְנוּ זה את זה למעשה ידיו you may think, they cannot buy one another for the work (as long as the serf choses to be in the masters power); ולא הם קוֹנִים … לגופו they cannot buy of one another a bodily slave (who requires formal manumission to be a freeman). B. Mets.46b bot. מכור לי באלו ק׳ if one says, sell me (a certain object) for these (coins which I hold in my hand), he has bought (the sale is valid). Ib. IV, 1 הזהב קונהוכ׳, v. זָהָב. Ib. מעות הרעות קוֹנוֹתוכ׳ the delivery of cancelled coins effects the purchase of the valid coins. Ib. 47b מעות קונות the delivery of the purchasing money gives possession (no formal possession of the purchased object (מְשִׁיכָה) being required). Kidd.22b הגבהה קונה lifting up the purchased object makes the sale binding; a. v. fr. 2) to make sure; to obligate a person by a special symbolical act (קִנְיָן); to enter into an obligation by a special symbolical form. Gitt.51a בשקָנוּ מידו when they (the court, witnesses) made him obligate himself (that his widow should receive support from his estate); בשקנו לזו ולא קנו לזו when such an obligation was entered with reference to this (his wifes case), but not with reference to that (his daughters case). B. Mets.47a במה קונין … בכליו של קונה wherewith is the bargain made sure?… By handing over one of the garments (or any object) belonging to the purchaser; דניחא ליה לקונה דליהוי מקנה קונהוכ׳ for the purchaser likes the seller to obligate himself, in order that he may be sure to give him possession; a. fr.Ib. 48b when he said to him, ערבוני יָקוּן (fr. קון = קנה) my earnest money shall serve to make the purchase sure.Part. pass. קָנוּי; f. קְנוּיָה; pl. קְנוּיִים, קְנוּיִין; קְנוּיוֹת. Kidd.16a עבד עברי גופו ק׳ והרבוכ׳ a Hebrew bondman is owned bodily (to the end of his term), and if the master allowed him a reduction of his time, his allowance is not legally binding (the slave not being able to acquire himself); ib. 28a; B. Kam. 113b. Gen. R. s. 86 (ref. to Gen. 39:1) הקנויין קונין וכלוכ׳ as a rule those who are owned make themselves owners (slaves enrich themselves by robbing their master), and all slaves cause decrease to their masters house, but in this case ‘the Lord blessed (ib. 5); Yalk. ib. 145 הקונין קונין (corr. acc.); a. fr.Tosef.Ned.IV, 6 קונם … שאני קנוי the axe of which I am possessed be forbidden (v. קוֹנָם), i. e. I swear that I have no axe; Ned.35a (Rashi שאינו ק׳ I swear that another axe is not owned by me).Y.Peah IV, 18b השעה קנויה, read: פְּנוּיָה, v. פָּנוּי. Nif. נִקְנֶה to be acquired, owned, bought. Kidd.20a (ref. to Lev. 25:14) דבר הנ׳ מיד ליד this refers to what is bought from hand to hand (movable goods). Ib. I, 1 האשה נִקְנֵיתוכ׳ a wife can be acquired in three ways. Ib. 6b אין אשה נ׳ בחליפין a wife cannot be taken possession of by symbolical delivery (חֲלִיפִין). Ib. I, 3 עבד כנעני נ׳ בכסףוכ׳ a Canaanite slave is taken possession of (is considered owned) either by delivery of the purchasing money, or by a deed, or by undisturbed possession (חֲזָקָה). Ib. 5 נכסים שיש … נִקְנִיןוכ׳ landed property is acquired by means of handing over the money, but movables cannot be acquired otherwise than by taking hold (מְשִׁיכָה). Ib. 22b תִּקָּנֶה בביאח let her be acquired (become his slave) by coition; a. fr. Hif. הִקְנָה to give possession, sell, transfer. R. Hash. l. c., v. supra. Snh.81b ולמַקְנוֹ, v. קוֹנֶה. Keth.82b אשה הִקְנוּ לווכ׳ it is heaven that gave him a wife (through his brothers death without issue); Yeb.39a. B. Mets.47a בכליו של מַקְנֶה, v. supra. Ib. 33b, a. fr. אין אדם מקנה דברוכ׳ none can give possession of (sell) what does not yet exist (future crops); a. fr.Esth. R. introd. (ref. to Deut. 28:68 sq.) למה ואין קונה …ע״י שלא הִקְנִיתֶם אלהוכ׳ why ‘no purchaser?… Because you have not transmitted ‘these words of the covenant, for there is none among you making the five books of the Law his own (v. קוֹנֶה). -
14 קָנָה
קני, קָנָה(b. h.) ( to estabIish, 1) (cmp. קום, Gen. 23:17) to create; to acquire, own; to take possession. R. Hash. 31a (ref. to Ps. 24 recited in the Temple on the first day of the week) על שם שק׳ והקנהוכ׳ because he (the Lord in establishing the world) took possession and gave (his creatures) possession (invested them with a fief), and became the sovereign of the world. Kidd.I, 1 האשה קוֹנָה את עצמהוכ׳ a wife acquires herself (becomes independent) when she receives her divorce Ib. 20a כל הקוֹנֶה … כקונהוכ׳ whoever buys a Hebrew bondman creates, as it were, a master over himself. B. Mets.75b הקונה אדון לעצמו he who creates a master over himself, expl. תולה נכסיו בנכרי who (in order to evade obligations) hangs his property on a gentile (pretends to be merely the agent of a gentile); (another explan.) הכותב נכסיווכ׳ who transfers his property to his children during his lifetime. Gitt.37b sq. (ref. to Lev. 25:45) אתם קוֹנִיםוכ׳ you may buy (as a slave) one of them, but they cannot buy one of you, nor can they buy of one another. Ib. יכול לא יִקְנוּ זה את זה למעשה ידיו you may think, they cannot buy one another for the work (as long as the serf choses to be in the masters power); ולא הם קוֹנִים … לגופו they cannot buy of one another a bodily slave (who requires formal manumission to be a freeman). B. Mets.46b bot. מכור לי באלו ק׳ if one says, sell me (a certain object) for these (coins which I hold in my hand), he has bought (the sale is valid). Ib. IV, 1 הזהב קונהוכ׳, v. זָהָב. Ib. מעות הרעות קוֹנוֹתוכ׳ the delivery of cancelled coins effects the purchase of the valid coins. Ib. 47b מעות קונות the delivery of the purchasing money gives possession (no formal possession of the purchased object (מְשִׁיכָה) being required). Kidd.22b הגבהה קונה lifting up the purchased object makes the sale binding; a. v. fr. 2) to make sure; to obligate a person by a special symbolical act (קִנְיָן); to enter into an obligation by a special symbolical form. Gitt.51a בשקָנוּ מידו when they (the court, witnesses) made him obligate himself (that his widow should receive support from his estate); בשקנו לזו ולא קנו לזו when such an obligation was entered with reference to this (his wifes case), but not with reference to that (his daughters case). B. Mets.47a במה קונין … בכליו של קונה wherewith is the bargain made sure?… By handing over one of the garments (or any object) belonging to the purchaser; דניחא ליה לקונה דליהוי מקנה קונהוכ׳ for the purchaser likes the seller to obligate himself, in order that he may be sure to give him possession; a. fr.Ib. 48b when he said to him, ערבוני יָקוּן (fr. קון = קנה) my earnest money shall serve to make the purchase sure.Part. pass. קָנוּי; f. קְנוּיָה; pl. קְנוּיִים, קְנוּיִין; קְנוּיוֹת. Kidd.16a עבד עברי גופו ק׳ והרבוכ׳ a Hebrew bondman is owned bodily (to the end of his term), and if the master allowed him a reduction of his time, his allowance is not legally binding (the slave not being able to acquire himself); ib. 28a; B. Kam. 113b. Gen. R. s. 86 (ref. to Gen. 39:1) הקנויין קונין וכלוכ׳ as a rule those who are owned make themselves owners (slaves enrich themselves by robbing their master), and all slaves cause decrease to their masters house, but in this case ‘the Lord blessed (ib. 5); Yalk. ib. 145 הקונין קונין (corr. acc.); a. fr.Tosef.Ned.IV, 6 קונם … שאני קנוי the axe of which I am possessed be forbidden (v. קוֹנָם), i. e. I swear that I have no axe; Ned.35a (Rashi שאינו ק׳ I swear that another axe is not owned by me).Y.Peah IV, 18b השעה קנויה, read: פְּנוּיָה, v. פָּנוּי. Nif. נִקְנֶה to be acquired, owned, bought. Kidd.20a (ref. to Lev. 25:14) דבר הנ׳ מיד ליד this refers to what is bought from hand to hand (movable goods). Ib. I, 1 האשה נִקְנֵיתוכ׳ a wife can be acquired in three ways. Ib. 6b אין אשה נ׳ בחליפין a wife cannot be taken possession of by symbolical delivery (חֲלִיפִין). Ib. I, 3 עבד כנעני נ׳ בכסףוכ׳ a Canaanite slave is taken possession of (is considered owned) either by delivery of the purchasing money, or by a deed, or by undisturbed possession (חֲזָקָה). Ib. 5 נכסים שיש … נִקְנִיןוכ׳ landed property is acquired by means of handing over the money, but movables cannot be acquired otherwise than by taking hold (מְשִׁיכָה). Ib. 22b תִּקָּנֶה בביאח let her be acquired (become his slave) by coition; a. fr. Hif. הִקְנָה to give possession, sell, transfer. R. Hash. l. c., v. supra. Snh.81b ולמַקְנוֹ, v. קוֹנֶה. Keth.82b אשה הִקְנוּ לווכ׳ it is heaven that gave him a wife (through his brothers death without issue); Yeb.39a. B. Mets.47a בכליו של מַקְנֶה, v. supra. Ib. 33b, a. fr. אין אדם מקנה דברוכ׳ none can give possession of (sell) what does not yet exist (future crops); a. fr.Esth. R. introd. (ref. to Deut. 28:68 sq.) למה ואין קונה …ע״י שלא הִקְנִיתֶם אלהוכ׳ why ‘no purchaser?… Because you have not transmitted ‘these words of the covenant, for there is none among you making the five books of the Law his own (v. קוֹנֶה). -
15 שרת
שָׁרַתPi. שֵׁרֵת (b. h.; sec. r. of שָׁרָה) (to dwell with,) to serve, minister, attend. Y.Erub.V, beg.22b (ref. to 1 Sam. 3:1) והלא לא מְשָׁרֵת אלא לפני עלי but did not he minister before Eli only? ללמדך שכל שירות שש׳וכ׳ to teach thee that all the ministrations that he rendered to Eli were accounted to him as if he had ministered before the Lord; (Midr. Sam. ch. VIII היה עומד). Ber.63b הושע … משרת תחתיך Hoshea … shall serve in thy stead; a. e. -
16 שָׁרַת
שָׁרַתPi. שֵׁרֵת (b. h.; sec. r. of שָׁרָה) (to dwell with,) to serve, minister, attend. Y.Erub.V, beg.22b (ref. to 1 Sam. 3:1) והלא לא מְשָׁרֵת אלא לפני עלי but did not he minister before Eli only? ללמדך שכל שירות שש׳וכ׳ to teach thee that all the ministrations that he rendered to Eli were accounted to him as if he had ministered before the Lord; (Midr. Sam. ch. VIII היה עומד). Ber.63b הושע … משרת תחתיך Hoshea … shall serve in thy stead; a. e. -
17 o să mi-o plătească
he shall (certainly) pay for itI'll serve him out! -
18 scio
scĭo, īvi, ītum, 4 (old imperf. scibam, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 34; 2, 4, 89; id. Ps. 1, 5, 84; 1, 5, 86; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 68; id. Phorm. 4, 1, 16:I.scibas,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 24; id. Ps. 1, 5, 85:scibat,
id. Am. prol. 22; Lucr. 5, 934:scibatis,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 47:scibant,
Lucr. 5, 949; 5, 953; Cat. 68, 85.— Fut. scibo, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 13; id. Most. 4, 3, 5; id. Men. 2, 3, 35; 5, 2, 57; id. Ps. 1, 2, 41; 1, 5, 65; id. Truc. 2, 6, 69; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 58; id. Ad. 3, 3, 7; 5, 2, 5; id. Hec. 2, 2, 4:scibis,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 22; id. Ep. 2, 2, 101; 5, 1, 49; id. Mil. 4, 8, 55; id. Ps. 4, 4, 2; id. Poen. 5, 4, 57; id. Pers. 2, 2, 37; id. Rud. 2, 3, 35; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 35; id. Heaut. 5, 2, 43:scibit,
Cato, R. R. 5, 5; Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 69; 1, 2, 51; id. Mil. 3, 2, 46; Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 38:scibimus,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 57:scibunt,
id. Poen. 2, 16.— Perf. sciit, Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 17.— Pass. scibitur, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 5:scin' for scisne,
id. Am. 1, 1, 200; 2, 2, 39; 5, 1, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 113; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 47; 3, 1, 47; 4, 6, 6; 4, 7, 30 et saep.— Perf. sync. scisti, Ov. A. A. 1, 131; id. F. 4, 527:scirint,
Tac. Dial. 33; so, regularly, inf. scisse, e. g. Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 58; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 17), v. a. [root sci-; Gr. keiô (for skeiô), keazô, to split, divide; cf.: scisco, plebiscitum, etc., prop. to distinguish, discern].Lit.A.In gen., to know, in the widest signif. of the word; to understand; perceive; to have knowledge of or skill in any thing, etc.:(α).plurimā mutatione figuramus, Scio, Non ignoro, et Non me fugit, et Non me praeterit, et Quis nescit? et Nemini dubium est. Sed etiam ex proximo mutuari licet. Nam et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio,
Quint. 10, 1, 13 (freq. in all styles and periods; cf. nosco).With acc.:(β).aut scire istarum rerum nihil, aut, etiam si maxime sciemus, nec, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32:ut vilicus naturam agri novit, dispensator litteras scit, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 3, 5:quod nec didicerint nec umquam scire curaverint,
id. ib. 1, 6, 11:ego omnem rem scio Quemadmodum est,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 69:id equidem ego certo scio,
id. ib. 3, 3, 33:quod pro certo sciam,
id. ib. 3, 4, 13: Mi. Ubi ipse est? Ch. Nescio. Nihil jam me oportet scire... nescio etiam id quod scio, id. ib. 4, 6, 21:haec scivisti et me celavisti?
id. Pers. 5, 2, 19:is omnes linguas scit: sed dissimulat sciens, Se scire,
id. Poen. prol. 112 (cf. supra, litteras, Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5): comoediam, Titin. ap. Non. 277, 26:bene id opus,
id. ib. 3, 21:artem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44:juventutis mores qui sciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 2: remuneremini nos, ac quae scitis, proferatis in me dium:nemo enim omnia potest scire,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 2; cf.:nec scire fas est omnia,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 22:SENATVOSQVE SENTENTIAM VTEI SCIENTES ESETIS, S. C. de Bacch. 23, ap. Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173: quod scio, omne ex hoc scio,
I know all from him, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 7:aliquid ex aliquo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 45; id. Most. 3, 2, 58; Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1; id. Att. 5, 2, 3 al. (v. infra, g and d; and cf. in the foll., with de instead of ex):quod sciam,
for aught I know, as far as I know, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 70; 2, 2, 15; id. Most. 4, 3, 19; id. Men. 2, 2, 23; 3, 2, 35 al.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 7; Cic. Att. 16, 2, 4; Quint. 9, 1, 17; 9, 4, 63 al.; cf.:quantum ego quidem sciam,
Quint. 3, 1, 19.— Pass.:quod quom scibitur, per urbem irridebor,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 5:ars earum rerum est, quae sciuntur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 7, 30:an nihil certum sciri possit,
id. ib. 1, 51, 222: id de Marcello aut certe de Postumiā sciri potest, can be learned from Marcellus, etc., id. Att. 12, 22, 2.—With inf., or more freq. with object-clause:(γ).qui uti sciat,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 27:si sciret regibus uti,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 14:antequam declamare sciat,
Quint. 2, 1, 3:si docere sciant et velint,
id. 10, 5, 19:digredi a re et redire ad propositum suum scierit,
id. 9, 2, 4 et saep.:vincere scis, Hannibal,
Liv. 22, 51, 4:qui nec ipse consulere nec alteri parere sciat,
id. 22, 29, 8:qui tegere liberos sciat,
id. 1, 53, 8; 38, 52, 2; Curt. 4, 2, 14:scio, fortunas secundas neglegentiam prendere solere, Cato ap. Fest, s.v. parsi, p. 210: dii sciunt, culpam meam istanc non esse ullam,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 41:scio, tibi ita placere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 30, 46:quas (leges) scitis exstare,
id. ib. 5, 2, 3: scimus L. Atilium appellatum esse sapientem id. Lael. 2, 6:scis, In breve te cogi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 7: scire licet, nobis venas et sanguen... alienigenis ex partibus esse, it is easy to see that, etc., Lucr. 1, 860 (shortly before and after, scilicet); so,scire licet,
id. 1, 894; 2, 930; 2, 967; 3, 873 et saep.; Liv. 1, 39, 3; Cels. 1, 1 fin.; 1, 2; 3, 2 al.—So, in familiar style, imper. scito, be assured, I reply that, remember, etc.: fenestrarum angustias quod reprehendis, scito te Kurou paideian reprehendere, Cic. Att. 2, 3, 2; 12, 21, 5:scito hoc nos in eo judicio consecutos esse, ut, etc.,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 1; id. Fam. 1, 9, 24; 5, 20, 7; cf.:istis contumeliis scitote Q. Lollium coactum, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; 2, 3, 56, § 129.—Esp., introducing a conclusion, after si, sin, nisi:si venturus es, scito necesse esse te venire,
Cic. Fam. 9, 4 init.:sin ista pax perditum hominem restitutura est, hoc animo scito omnis sanos, etc.,
id. ib. 10, 27, 1:si vos semel finem legis transieritis, scitote vos nullum ceteris in aestimando finem improbitatis reliquisse,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 95, § 220; 2, 4, 30, § 68; id. Cat. 2, 10, 23.—Rarely in part. pres. (postAug.; cf. P. a., infra):interrogant an vir daturus sit beneficium ingrato, sciens ingratum esse,
Sen. Ben. 4, 26, 1:Laqueo vitam finiit, sciens et in Maximino multum esse roboris,
Capitol. in Max. 19:totam hereditatem sciens ad se non pertinere,
Gai. Inst. 4, 144.— Impers.:hoc scitis omnes, usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit, Sestium vivere,
Cic. Sest. 38, 82.— Pass., with nom. and inf.:Christus scitur vocis simplicis jussione ambulatum dedisse contractis,
Arn. 1, 48.—With a rel.-clause:(δ).isti jam sciunt, negotii quid sit,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 13:ut sciamus, quid dicamus mox pro testimonio,
id. ib. 3, 2, 19:scin' quam iracundus siem?
id. Bacch. 4, 2, 12:cuivis facile scitu est, quam fuerim miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 15:cum sciatis, quo quaeque res inclinet,
Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:Sestium quanti faciam, ipse optime scio,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,
id. ib. 1, 30, 46:ut eum (hostem) non modo esse, sed etiam, quis et unde sit, scire possimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 6:coqua est haec quidem: Scit muriatica ut maceret,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 39; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 18; Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Hor. C. 3, 4, 42 al.:scire velis, mea cur opuscula lector Laudet,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 35; 2, 2, 187:quī scis, an, quae jubeam, sine vi faciat?
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 20; Hor. C. 4, 7, 17; id. A. P. 462; cf. the phrase haud scio an, under an.— Pass.:hinc sciri potuit, Quo studio vitam suam te absente exegerit,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 38: scito... nec, [p. 1644] quando futura sint comitia, sciri, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2.—With indic. in the rel.-clause (ante-class.): Ba. Scio, quid ago. Pi. Et pol ego scio, quid metuo, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 45; cf.:scitin' quid ego vos rogo?
id. Men. 5, 9, 92:scis tu, ut confringi vas cito Samium solet,
id. Bacch. 2, 2, 24:jam ego ex hoc, ut factum est, scibo,
id. Men. 5, 2, 57; instead of which, with subj.:ex me primo prima scires, rem ut gessissem publicam,
id. Am. 1, 3, 26:ex hoc scibo quid siet,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 59; id. Hec. 4, 2, 4.—With de:(ε).jam vero de legibus, de bello, de pace... scisse,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 58.—Absol.:(ζ).hi sciunt, qui hic affuerunt,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 31:quom videbis, tum scies,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 37: Pi. Quī scire possum? Ch. Nullus plus, id. ib. 2, 2, 13:quem, ut scitis, unice dilexi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1; so,ut scitis, parenthetically,
id. ib. 1, 14, 21; 2, 31, 54; 6, 9, 9; id. Lael. 21, 77; cf.scio alone, parenthetically: injurato scio plus credet mihi quam jurato tibi,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 281:ego abeo: tu jam scio patiere,
id. As. 2, 2, 111:quam tu propediem effliges scio,
id. ib. 4, 2, 9 et saep.:scire tuum nihil est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter,
Pers. 1, 27:nemo ex me scibit,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 38.— Pass.:non opus est dicto... at scito huic opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 14:plus, quam opus est scito, sciet,
id. ib. 4, 1, 18; so, with adv. or adverb.-clause:non tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,
Cic. Brut. 37, 140; so,Latine,
id. Fin. 2, 4, 13; Liv. 1, 27:luculenter Graece,
Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 15:Graece,
id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:ubi hanc forma videt honesta virginem, Et fidibus scire,
and that she was skilled in music, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53 (cf.: docere aliquem fidibus. Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:discere fidibus,
id. Lael. 8, 26).—With de:(η).de legibus instituendis, de bello, de pace, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 58:cum is, qui de omnibus scierit, de Sullā se scire negavit,
id. Sull. 13, 39.—With non (very rare for nescio; cf.:b.non scire barbarum jam videtur, nescire dulcius,
Cic. Or. 47, 157):quis enim erat qui non sciret studiosiorem Mithridatem fuisse, etc.,
id. Fl. 25, 59:tam imperitus, ut non sciret, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:quid? non sciunt ipsi viam, domum quā veniant?
Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 25; Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37; Treb. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3; Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 19.—Ellipt.: scin' quomodo? do you know how (I shall serve you)? a threatening phrase in Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 200; id. Aul. 5, 21; id. Rud. 3, 5, 18.—B.In partic., of a woman, to know carnally a man (cf. of a man, cognosco), Treb. xxx. Tyr. 30.—* II.Transf., publicists' t. t. for the usual scisco (v. h. v. II.), of the people, to ordain, decree, appoint any thing after knowledge obtained regarding it:A.ut tribunus plebis rogationem ferret sciretque plebs, uti, etc.,
Liv. 26, 33, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:a scire for asciscere,
Tac. Agr. 19; id. H. 4, 80.—Hence, scĭens, entis, P. a., knowing, i. e.Pregn., knowingly, wittingly, purposely, intentionally, etc. (freq. and class.): tu verbis conceptis conjuravisti sciens sciente animo tuo, Scip. Afric. minor ap. Gell. 7, 11, 9:B. (α).ubi verbis conceptis sciens libenter perjuraris,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 16:amore ardeo et prudens, sciens, Vivus vidensque pereo,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 27; so (with prudens) Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 5; Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:equidem plus hodie boni Feci imprudens, quam sciens ante hunc diem umquam,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 40; so (opp. imprudens) id. Phorm. 4, 3, 55; Cic. Planc. 16, 41; (opp. insciens) id. Balb. 5, 13:habebit igitur te sciente et vidente curia senatorem, etc.,
id. Clu. 46, 129:an ille me tentat sciens?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 40; id. Ps. 1, 1, 90; id. Poen. prol. 112; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13; id. Heaut. 5, 5, 6 al.:heia vero, inquit, geram morem vobis et me oblinam sciens,
Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8 et saep.—So the formula: si sciens fallo; v. fallo.—Absol.:(β).id ego jam nunc tibi renuntio, ut sis sciens,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 28:quod me non scientem feceris,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 34;Ter Heaut. 4, 8, 32: vites pampinari: sed a sciente,
Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:quis igitur hoc homine scientior umquam fuit?
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:scientior venefica,
Hor. Epod. 5, 72:quae (navis) scientissimo gubernatore utitur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58.— Sup.: sit oportet idem scientissimus, Col. 11, 1.—With gen.:* (γ).dominum scientem esse oportet earum rerum, quae, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 1:locorum,
Sall. J. 97, 3:pugnae,
Hor. C. 1, 15, 24:citharae,
id. ib. 3, 9, 10:Latinae linguae,
Tac. A. 2, 13:juris,
id. ib. 3, 70; 6, 26 et saep.— Sup.:M. Scaurus, vir regendae rei publicae scientissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; Vulg. 2 Par. 2, 13.—Poet., with inf.:quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens,
Hor. C. 3, 7, 25.— Adv.: scĭenter (acc. to B.), knowingly, understandingly, wisely, skilfully, expertly, etc.:scienter et perite et ornate dicere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:uti (with modice),
id. ib. 1, 29, 132; id. Off. 2, 5, 18:sese distribuunt in duas partes,
Caes. B. C. 1, 55.— Comp.:neminem in eo genere scientius versatum Isocrate,
Cic. Or. 52, 175; Caes. B. G. 7, 22.— Sup.:coepit rationem hujus operis (sphaerae) scientissime Gallus exponere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22; id. Div. 1, 41, 92. -
19 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
20 do
I 1. transitive verb,neg. coll. don't, pres. t. he does, neg. (coll.) doesn't, p.t. did, neg. (coll.) didn't, pres. p. doing, p.p. done1) (perform) machen [Hausaufgaben, Hausarbeit, Examen, Handstand]; vollbringen [Tat]; tun, erfüllen [Pflicht]; tun, verrichten [Arbeit]; ausführen [Malerarbeiten]; vorführen [Trick, Striptease, Nummer, Tanz]; durchführen [Test]; aufführen [Stück]; singen [Lied]; mitmachen [Rennen, Wettbewerb]; spielen [Musikstück, Rolle]; tun [Buße]do the shopping/washing up/cleaning — einkaufen [gehen]/abwaschen/sauber machen
do a lot of reading/walking — etc. viel lesen/spazieren gehen usw.
do a dance/the foxtrot — tanzen/Foxtrott tanzen
do something to something/somebody — etwas mit etwas/jemandem machen
what can I do for you? — was kann ich für Sie tun?; (in shop) was darf's sein?
do something about something/somebody — etwas gegen etwas/jemanden unternehmen
not know what to do with oneself — nicht wissen, was man machen soll
that does it — jetzt reicht's (ugs.)
that's done it — (caused a change for the worse) das hat das Fass zum Überlaufen gebracht; (caused a change for the better) das hätten wir
do a Garbo — (coll.) es der Garbo (Dat.) gleichtun
the car does/was doing about 100 m.p.h./does 45 miles to the gallon — das Auto schafft/fuhr mit ungefähr 160 Stundenkilometer/frisst (ugs.) od. braucht sechs Liter pro 100 Kilometer
2) (spend)do a spell in the armed forces — eine Zeit lang bei der Armee sein
how much longer have you to do at college? — wie lange musst du noch aufs College gehen?
3) (produce) machen [Übersetzung, Kopie]; anfertigen [Bild, Skulptur]; herstellen [Artikel, Produkte]; schaffen [Pensum]5) (prepare) machen [Bett, Frühstück]; (work on) machen (ugs.), fertig machen [Garten, Hecke]; (clean) sauber machen; putzen [Schuhe, Fenster]; machen (ugs.) [Treppe]; (arrange) [zurecht]machen [Haare]; fertig machen [Korrespondenz, Zimmer]; (make up) schminken [Lippen, Augen, Gesicht]; machen (ugs.) [Nägel]; (cut) schneiden [Nägel]; schneiden [Gras, Hecke]; (paint) machen (ugs.) [Zimmer]; streichen [Haus, Möbel]; (attend to) sich kümmern um [Bücher, Rechnungen, Korrespondenz]; (repair) in Ordnung bringen6) (cook) bratenwell done — durch[gebraten]
7) (solve) lösen [Problem, Rätsel]; machen [Puzzle, Kreuzworträtsel]11) (traverse) schaffen [Entfernung]13) (coll.): (visit) besuchen2. intransitive verb, forms asdo Europe in three weeks — Europa in drei Wochen absolvieren od. abhaken (ugs.)
1.you can do just as you like — du kannst machen, was du willst
do as they do — mach es wie sie
2) (fare)3) (get on) vorankommen; (in exams) abschneidendo well/badly at school — gut/schlecht in der Schule sein
4)how do you do? — (formal) guten Tag/Morgen/Abend!
5) (coll.): (manage)how are we doing for time? — wie steht es mit der Zeit od. (ugs.) sieht es mit der Zeit aus?
7) (be usable)8) (happen)there's nothing doing on the job market — es tut sich nichts auf dem Arbeitsmarkt (ugs.)
3. verb substitute, forms asNothing doing. He's not interested — Nichts zu machen (ugs.). Er ist nicht interessiert. See also academic.ru/21693/doing">doing; done
1.1) replacing v.: usually not translatedyou mustn't act as he does — du darfst nicht so wie er handeln
2) replacing v. and obj. etche read the Bible every day as his father did before him — er las täglich in der Bibel, wie es schon sein Vater vor ihm getan hatte od. wie schon vor ihm sein Vater
as they did in the Middle Ages — wie sie es im Mittelalter taten
3) as ellipt. auxYou went to Paris, didn't you? - Yes, I did — Du warst doch in Paris, oder od. nicht wahr? - Ja[, stimmt od. war ich]
4) with ‘so’, ‘it’, etcI knew John Lennon. - So did I — Ich kannte John Lennon. - Ich auch
go ahead and do it — nur zu
4. auxiliary verbI know you from somewhere, don't I? — wir kennen uns doch irgendwoher, nicht?
+ inf. as pres. or past, forms as 1.you do look glum — du siehst ja so bedrückt aus
but I tell you, I did see him — aber ich sage dir doch, dass ich ihn gesehen habe
little did he know that... — er hatte keine Ahnung, dass...
3) in questions4) in negationI don't or do not wish to take part — ich möchte nicht teilnehmen
5) in neg. commandsdon't or do not expect to find him in a good mood — erwarten Sie nicht, dass Sie ihn in guter Stimmung antreffen
children, do not forget... — Kinder, vergesst [ja] nicht...
don't be so noisy! — seid [doch] nicht so laut!
don't! — tu's/tut's/tun Sie's nicht!
6) + inf. as imper. for emphasis etcdo sit down, won't you? — bitte setzen Sie sich doch!
do be quiet, Paul! — Paul, sei doch mal ruhig!
do hurry up! — beeil dich doch!
Phrasal Verbs:- do by- do down- do for- do in- do out- do up- do withII noun3) in pl.the dos and don'ts — die Ge- und Verbote (of Gen.)
* * *[du:] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - does; verb1) (used with a more important verb in questions and negative statements: Do you smoke?) Hilfsverb in Fragen und bei Verneinung2) (used with a more important verb for emphasis; ; [ðo sit down]) Hilfsverb zur Betonung3) (used to avoid repeating a verb which comes immediately before: I thought she wouldn't come, but she did.) statt Wiederholung des Verbs4) (used with a more important verb after seldom, rarely and little: Little did he know what was in store for him.) bei Inversion6) (to manage to finish or complete: When you've done that, you can start on this; We did a hundred kilometres in an hour.) schaffen7) (to perform an activity concerning something: to do the washing; to do the garden / the windows.) machen8) (to be enough or suitable for a purpose: Will this piece of fish do two of us?; That'll do nicely; Do you want me to look for a blue one or will a pink one do?; Will next Saturday do for our next meeting?) genügen9) (to work at or study: She's doing sums; He's at university doing science.) sich beschäftigen mit11) (to put in order or arrange: She's doing her hair.) herrichten12) (to act or behave: Why don't you do as we do?)13) (to give or show: The whole town gathered to do him honour.) erweisen15) (to see everything and visit everything in: They tried to do London in four days.) erledigen2. noun(an affair or a festivity, especially a party: The school is having a do for Christmas.) das Fest- doer- doings
- done
- do-it-yourself
- to-do
- I
- he could be doing with / could do with
- do away with
- do for
- done for
- done in
- do out
- do out of
- do's and don'ts
- do without
- to do with
- what are you doing with* * *do[du:]<does, did, done>1. (forming question)\do you like children? magst du Kinder?did he see you? hat er dich gesehen?what did you say? was hast du gesagt?\do you/ \does he/she indeed [or now]? tatsächlich?\do I like cheese? — I love cheese! ob ich Käse mag? — ich liebe Käse!Frida \doesn't like olives Frida mag keine OlivenI \don't want to go yet! ich will noch nicht gehen!I \don't smoke ich rauche nichtit \doesn't matter das macht nichts\don't [you] speak to me like that! sprich nicht so mit mir!\don't be silly sei nicht albern!\don't let's argue about it lasst uns deswegen nicht streiten\do come to our party ach komm doch zu unserer Partymay I join you? — please \do! kann ich mitkommen? — aber bitte!boy, did he yell! der hat vielleicht geschrieen! famso you \do like beer after all du magst also doch Bieryou \do look tired du siehst wirklich müde aus\do tell me! sag's mir doch!\do I/ \does he/she ever! und ob!not only did I speak to her, I even... ich habe nicht nur mit ihr gesprochen, sondern auch...never did I hear such a terrible noise noch nie habe ich so ein schreckliches Geräusch gehörtshe runs much faster than he \does sie läuft viel schneller als erhe said he wouldn't come, but fortunately he did er meinte, dass er nicht kommen würde, aber glücklicherweise tat er es dann doch\do you like Chopin? — yes, I \do/no, I \don't mögen Sie Chopin? — ja/neinwho ate the cake? — I did!/didn't! wer hat den Kuchen gegessen? — ich!/ich nicht!I don't like Chinese food — nor [or neither] \do I/I \do ich esse nicht gerne Chinesisch — ich auch nicht/ich schon... so \do I... ich auchso you don't like her — I \do! du magst sie also nicht — doch!6. (requesting affirmation)you don't understand the question, \do you? Sie verstehen die Frage nicht, stimmt's?you do understand what I mean, \don't you? du verstehst [doch], was ich meine, oder?7. (expressing surprise)so they really got married, did they? dann haben sie also wirklich geheiratet!II. TRANSITIVE VERB<does, did, done>1. (perform)▪ to \do sth etw tun [o machen]what shall I \do now? was soll ich jetzt machen?just \do it! mach's einfach!what are you \doing over the weekend? was machst du am Wochenende?haven't you got anything better to \do? hast du nichts Besseres zu tun?justice must be done Gerechtigkeit muss seinhe \does nothing but complain er beklagt sich echt den ganzen Tag lang famwhat have you done to her? was hast du mit ihr gemacht?what are these toys \doing here? was macht das [ganze] Spielzeug hier?what's the front door \doing open? warum steht die Haustür offen?what on earth are you \doing [there]! was um alles in der Welt machst du denn da?I'm sorry, it simply can't be done before next weekend tut mir leid, aber vor dem nächsten Wochenende geht es einfach nichtthat was a stupid thing to \do das war dumm!what have you done with my coat? wo hast du meinen Mantel hingetan?to \do one's best sein Bestes tun [o geben]to \do nothing of the sort nichts dergleichen tun2. (undertake)▪ to \do sth with sb/oneself etw mit jdm/sich anfangenwhat am I going to \do with myself while you are away? was soll ich nur die ganze Zeit machen, wenn du nicht da bist3. (help)▪ to \do sth for sb etw für jdn tunwhat can I \do for you? was kann ich für Sie tun?you never \do anything for me! du tust nie was für mich!can you \do anything for my bad back, doctor? können Sie was gegen meine Rückenbeschwerden tun, Herr Doktor?these pills have done nothing for me diese Pillen haben mir überhaupt nicht geholfen4. (use for)what are you going to \do with that hammer? was hast du mit dem Hammer vor?what should we \do with this box? was sollen wir mit dieser Kiste machen?5. (job)to \do sth for a living mit etw dat seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienenwhat \does your mother \do? was macht deine Mutter beruflich?6. (take action)I know I drink too much, but I can't \do anything about it ich weiß, dass ich zu viel trinke, aber ich kann nichts dagegen tunwhat is to be done about that? was kann man dagegen tun?\don't just stand there, \do something! stehen Sie doch nicht nur so rum, tun Sie was!7. (deal with)▪ to \do sth etw machen [o erledigen]if you \do the washing up,... wenn du abspülst,...let me \do the talking überlass mir das Redentoday we're going to \do Chapter 4 heute beschäftigen wir uns mit Kapitel 4I found someone to \do the garden wall ich habe jemanden gefunden, der die Gartenmauer bauen wirdto \do one's homework [seine] Hausaufgaben machento \do the shopping einkaufen8. (learn)▪ to \do sth:have you ever done any Chinese? hast du jemals Chinesisch gelernt?Diane did History at London University Diane hat an der London University Geschichte [im Hauptfach] studiert9. (solve)to \do a crossword ein Kreuzworträtsel lösen [o fam machen]can you \do this sum for me? kannst du das für mich zusammenrechnen?▪ to be done:are you done? bist du jetzt fertig? fam11. (produce)▪ to \do sth for sb [or sb sth] etw für jdn machencan you \do me 20 photocopies of this report? kannst du mir diesen Bericht 20-mal abziehen?12. (tidy)to \do the dishes das Geschirr abspülen [o SCHWEIZ abwaschen]to \do one's shoes seine Schuhe putzento \do one's teeth sich dat die Zähne putzen13. (arrange)to \do a bow tie eine Schleife bindento \do flowers Blumen arrangierento get one's hair done zum Friseur [o SCHWEIZ Coiffeur] gehenwhere \do you get your hair done? zu welchem Friseur gehst du?14. (visit)▪ to \do sth etw besichtigento \do India eine Indienreise machento \do Nice sich dat Nizza ansehen15. AUTOto \do 100 km/h 100 fahren fam16. (travel)to \do Paris to Bordeaux in five hours in fünf Stunden von Paris nach Bordeaux fahren17. (suffice)▪ to \do sb jdm genügenI only have diet cola — will that \do you? ich habe nur Diätcola — trinkst du die auch?18. (provide)▪ to \do sth:this pub only \does food at lunchtime in diesem Pub gibt es nur zur Mittagszeit etwas zu essen\do you \do travel insurance as well? bieten Sie auch Reiseversicherungen an?sorry, we \don't \do hot meals tut mir leid, bei uns gibt es nur kalte Küche19. (cook)to \do the cooking kochenhow long should the carrots be done for? wie lange müssen die Karotten kochen?could you \do me something without fish? könntest du mir etwas ohne Fisch kochen?20. (cause)▪ to \do sb sth jdm etw tunto \do sb a favour jdm einen Gefallen tunto \do sb good jdm gut tunit would \do you good to get some fresh air es würde dir gut tun, etwas frische Luft zu schnappen▪ to \do sb jdn drannehmenbut he said he'd \do me next aber er sagte, dass ich als Nächste drankäme!22. (treat well)to \do sb well jdn verwöhnento \do oneself well es sich dat gutgehen lassen23. (act)to \do a role eine Rolle spielenwho did James Bond before Roger Moore? wer hat James Bond vor Roger Moore gespielt?24. (impersonate)▪ to \do sb/sth jdn/etw nachmachenI hope she won't \do a Mary and get divorced six months after her wedding ich hoffe, sie macht es nicht wie Mary und lässt sich sechs Monate nach ihrer Hochzeit wieder scheidenhe did me for a thousand quid for that car er hat mir einen Tausender für das Auto abgeknöpftif you're not careful, you'll end up \doing time again wenn du nicht vorsichtig bist, musst du wieder sitzento get done for sth (by the police) wegen einer S. gen von der Polizei angehalten werden; (by a court) für etw akk verurteilt werden▪ to \do sth:how long have you been \doing heroin? wie lange nimmst du schon Heroin?30. (translate)to be done into French/German book ins Französische/Deutsche übersetzt worden seinto \do a translation übersetzen31. (exhaust)this last climb has really done me diese letzte Tour hat mir wirklich den Rest gegebensth \does nothing for sb etw reißt jdn nicht gerade vom Hocker famBach has never done anything for me Bach hat mich noch nie sonderlich vom Hocker gerissen famthat film really did something to me dieser Film hat mich wirklich beeindruckt; (excite sexually)you really \do something to me, you know du machst mich echt an, weißt du [das] famhow old were you when you first did it? wie alt warst du bei deinem ersten Mal?34. (don't mention)\don't good morning me! komm mir nicht mit guten Morgen!35.▶ that \does it! so, das war's jetzt!III. INTRANSITIVE VERB<does, did, done>1. (behave)to \do right [or the right thing] das Richtige tunto \do well to do sth gut daran tun, etw zu tunto \do as one pleases tun, was einem Spaß macht\do as I \do mach's wie ich fam\do as you're told tu, was man dir sagt2. (fare)mother and baby are \doing well Mutter und Kind sind wohlaufhow is your mother \doing? wie geht es deiner Mutter?how is Mary \doing in her new job? wie geht es Mary in ihrem neuen Job?you could \do better du könntest besser sein; (perform) du könntest es besser machenGeorge has done well for himself George hat es für seine Verhältnisse weit gebrachtour daughter is \doing well at school unsere Tochter ist gut in der Schulehave you done? bist du fertig?have you done with those scissors yet? brauchst du die Schere noch?I haven't done with you yet ich bin noch nicht fertig mit dir4. (be acceptable, suffice) passen, in Ordnung seinthat'll \do das ist o.k. sowill £10 \do? reichen 10 Pfund?this kind of behaviour just won't \do! so ein Verhalten geht einfach nicht an!do you think this will \do for a blanket? glaubst du, das können wir als Decke nehmen?that'll \do as a cushion das geht [erstmal] als Kissenthis will \do just fine as a table das wird einen guten Tisch abgebenthis will have to \do for a meal das muss als Essen genügenwill this room \do? ist dieses Zimmer o.k. für Sie?it doesn't \do to criticize your parents seine Eltern kritisiert man nichtwill it \do if I get those books to you by Friday? reicht es, wenn ich dir die Bücher bis Freitag bringe?we'll make \do with $100 100 Dollar müssen reichenthat will never \do das geht einfach nichtthis town is so boring — there's never anything \doing diese Stadt ist so langweilig — nie tut sich was6.▶ \do unto others as you would they should \do unto you ( prov) was du nicht willst, das man dir tut, das füg auch keinem andern zu prov▶ that will \do jetzt reicht's aber!IV. NOUNa big \do eine Riesenfete famfair \dos gleiches Recht für alle4. AM (sl)that's some \do you've got! das ist ja eine Frisur, die du da hast!dog \do Hundehäufchen nt6. (allowed, not allowed)the \dos and \don'ts was man tun und was man nicht tun sollte* * *I [dəʊ]n (MUS)Do nt II [duː] vb: pret did, ptp done1. AUXILIARY VERBThere is no equivalent in German to the use of do in questions, negative statements and negative commands.1)interrogative, negative
do you understand? — verstehen Sie?2) in question tags oderyou know him, don't you? — Sie kennen ihn doch?, Sie kennen ihn (doch), oder?
you don't know him, do you? — Sie kennen ihn also nicht, oder?
so you know them, do you? (in surprise) — Sie kennen sie also wirklich or tatsächlich!
he does understand, doesn't he? —
he didn't go, did he? — er ist (doch) nicht gegangen, oder?
3)you speak better German than I do — Sie sprechen besser Deutsch als ichhe doesn't like cheese and neither do I — er mag keinen Käse und ich auch nicht
I don't like cheese but he does — ich mag keinen Käse, aber er schon
they said he would go and he did — sie sagten, er würde gehen und das tat er (dann) auch
4)do you see them often? – yes, I do/no, I don't — sehen Sie sie oft? – ja/neindo you serve food? – yes, we do — gibts bei Ihnen Essen? – ja
you didn't go, did you? – yes, I did — Sie sind nicht gegangen, oder? – doch
they speak French – oh, do they? — sie sprechen Französisch – ja?, ach, wirklich or tatsächlich?
they speak German – do they really? — sie sprechen Deutsch – wirklich?
may I come in? – do! — darf ich hereinkommen? – ja, bitte
shall I open the window? – no, don't! — soll ich das Fenster öffnen? – nein, bitte nicht!
who broke the window? – I did — wer hat das Fenster eingeschlagen? – ich
5)DO shut up! (esp Brit) — (nun) sei doch (endlich) ruhig!
do tell him that... (esp Brit) —
well do I remember him! — und ob ich mich an ihn erinnere!
it's very expensive, but I DO like it — es ist zwar sehr teuer, aber es gefällt mir nun mal
2. TRANSITIVE VERB1) tun, machenI've done a stupid thing —
sorry, it's impossible, it can't be done — tut mir leid, (ist) ausgeschlossen, es lässt sich nicht machen
can you do it by yourself? —
to do the housework/one's homework —
who did the choreography/the cover design? we'll have to get someone to do the roof — wer hat die Choreografie/den Umschlagentwurf gemacht? wir müssen jemanden bestellen, der das Dach macht (inf)
to do one's hair — sich frisieren, sich (dat) die Haare (zurecht)machen (inf)
to do one's nails — sich (dat) die Nägel schneiden or (varnish) lackieren
to do one's teeth (Brit) — sich (dat) die Zähne putzen
to do the dishes — spülen, den Abwasch machen
he knows it's a mistake but he can't do anything about it — er weiß, dass es ein Fehler ist, aber er kann nichts dagegen machen or daran ändern
we'll have to do something about this/him — wir müssen da/wir müssen mit ihm etwas tun or unternehmen
Brecht doesn't do anything for me — Brecht lässt mich kalt (inf) or sagt mir nichts
I've done everything I can — ich habe alles getan, was ich kann
he does nothing but complain — er nörgelt immer nur, er tut nichts als nörgeln (inf)
well, do what you can — mach or tu (eben), was du kannst
what are you doing on Saturday? — was machen or tun Sie am Sonnabend?
what do I have to do to get through to him? — was muss ich tun, um zu ihm durchzukommen?
how do you do it? — wie macht man das?; (in amazement) wie machen Sie das bloß? __diams; that's done it (inf) so, da haben wirs!, da haben wir die Bescherung! (inf) __diams; that does it! jetzt reichts mir!
2)as job, profession
what does your father do? — was macht Ihr Vater (beruflich)?3)= provide service, product
what can I do for you? — was kann ich für Sie tun?; (by shop assistant) was darfs sein?sorry, we don't do lunches — wir haben leider keinen Mittagstisch
we do a wide range of herbal teas —
we only do one style of gloves (= sell) (= produce) — wir haben or führen nur eine Sorte Handschuhe wir stellen nur eine Sorte Handschuhe her
4)= complete, finish
in pret, ptp only the work's done now — die Arbeit ist gemacht or getan or fertigwhat's done cannot be undone — was geschehen ist, kann man nicht ungeschehen machen
are you done? (inf) — bist du endlich or schon (iro) fertig?
5) = study, cover durchnehmen, haben7) = solve lösen; sum, crossword, puzzle etc lösen, machen8) = take customer drannehmenthe barber said he'd do me next — der Friseur sagte, er würde mich als Nächsten drannehmen
9) Theat, Film part spielen10) = take off, mimic nachmachen11) = visit, see sights of city, country, museum besuchen, abhaken (inf)12) AUT ETC fahren, machen (inf)13)= treat (Brit inf)
they do you very well at that hotel — in dem Hotel ist man gut untergebracht or aufgehobenthey do you very well at that restaurant — in dem Restaurant isst man sehr gut __diams; to do oneself well es sich (dat) gut gehen lassen
that will do me nicely — das reicht dicke (inf) or allemal
I was done for £80 — mit £ 80 hat man mich ganz schön übers Ohr gehauen (inf)
the office was done last night — im Büro ist gestern Nacht ein Bruch gemacht worden (sl)
17)= hurt Brit inf
I'll do you! — dir besorg ichs noch! (inf)18)= tire out (inf)
I'm absolutely done (in)! — ich bin völlig geschafft or erledigt or fertig (all inf)21)3. INTRANSITIVE VERB1)= act
do as I do — mach es wie ichhe did well to take advice — er tat gut daran, sich beraten zu lassen
he did right — er hat richtig gehandelt, es war richtig von ihm
he did right/well to go — es war richtig/gut, dass er gegangen ist
2)= get on, fare
how are you doing? — wie gehts (Ihnen)?I'm not doing so badly — es geht mir gar nicht so schlecht
when my uncle died I did quite well — als mein Onkel starb, bin ich ganz gut dabei weggekommen __diams; how do you do? (on introduction) guten Tag/Abend!, angenehm! (form) __diams; what's doing? (inf) was ist los?
3) = be suitable gehenthis room will do — das Zimmer geht (inf) or ist in Ordnung
will it do if I come back at 8? — geht es, wenn ich um 8 Uhr zurück bin?
it doesn't do to keep a lady waiting —
will she/it do? — geht sie/das?
4) = be sufficient reichencan you lend me some money? – will £10 do? —
yes, that'll do — ja, das reicht
you'll have to make do with £10 — £ 10 müssen Ihnen reichen, Sie werden mit £ 10 auskommen müssen __diams; that'll do! jetzt reichts aber!
4. NOUN (Brit inf)she had a big do for her eighteenth birthday — an ihrem achtzehnten Geburtstag stieg bei ihr eine Riesenfete (inf)
the whole thing was a do from start to finish — die ganze Sache war von vorne bis hinten ein Schwindel
5. dosPLURAL NOUN* * *A v/t1. tun, machen:what can I do (for you)? was kann ich (für Sie) tun?, womit kann ich (Ihnen) dienen?;do sth for sb etwas für jemanden erledigen;what does he do? was macht er beruflich?, was ist er von Beruf?;are you doing anything tonight? hast du heute Abend (schon) etwas vor?;do sth about etwas tun gegen;if it were to do again wenn es noch einmal getan werden müsste;you can’t do this to me! das kannst du nicht mit mir machen!;you couldn’t do that to me! das kannst du mir (doch) nicht antun!;what have you done to my suit? was haben Sie mit meinem Anzug gemacht?;he promised to do sth er versprach, etwas zu unternehmen;she did no more than look at him sie sah ihn nur an;he does not know what to do with his time er weiß nicht, was er mit seiner Zeit anfangen soll;do sth together etwas gemeinsam oder zusammen unternehmen;do one’s lessons SCHULE seine (Haus)Aufgaben machen;he did all the writing er hat alles allein geschrieben;he did all the talking er führte die Unterhaltung ganz allein, auch ich bin überhaupt nicht zu Wort gekommen;let me do the talking lass mich sprechen;it can’t be done es geht nicht, es ist undurchführbar;the machine does the rest die Maschine erledigt den Rest;the storm did a lot of material damage der Sturm richtete großen Sachschaden an;4. tun, leisten, vollbringen:do one’s best sein Bestes tun, sich alle Mühe geben5. anfertigen, herstellen, ein Kunstwerk etc auch schaffen:do a portrait ein Porträt malen;do a translation eine Übersetzung machen oder anfertigen8. erzielen, erreichen:I did it! ich habe es geschafft!;now you have done it! iron nun hast du es glücklich geschafft!9. sich beschäftigen mit, arbeiten an (dat)11. in Ordnung bringen, z. B.12. herrichten, dekorieren, schmücken13. (her)richten:she is having her nails done sie lässt sich maniküren;14. a) eine Fremdsprache etc lernenb) einen Autor etc durchnehmen, behandeln15. eine Aufgabe löseninto German ins Deutsche)do Othello den Othello spielen;do the polite den höflichen Mann spielen oder markieren;do the host den Gastgeber spielenb) nachahmen:18. zurücklegen, machen, schaffen umg:they did 20 miles sie legten 20 Meilen zurück;the car does 100 m.p.h. der Wagen fährt 160 km/h19. umg besichtigen, die Sehenswürdigkeiten besichtigen von (oder gen):do Rome in three days Rom in drei Tagen besichtigen oder umg machen20. umg genügen (dat):21. umg erschöpfen, erledigen umg:they were pretty well done sie waren am Ende (ihrer Kräfte)22. umga) jemanden erledigen, fertigmachen:I’ll do him in three roundsb) drannehmen (Friseur etc):I’ll do you next, sir23. sl reinlegen, übers Ohr hauen, anschmieren:24. sl eine Strafe abbrummen:he did two years in prison er hat zwei Jahre abgerissen;he did three months for theft er saß drei Monate wegen Diebstahls25. umga) bewirtenb) unterbringen:they do you very well here hier werden Sie gut bewirtet; hier sind Sie gut untergebracht27. bringen (obs außer in):do to death töten, umbringen28. sl einen Bruch machen in (dat), einbrechen in (akk oder dat), ein Auto etc aufbrechenB v/i1. handeln, vorgehen, tun, sich verhalten:the premier would do wisely to resign der Premier würde klug handeln oder wäre gut beraten, wenn er zurückträte; → well1 A 1, A 22. (tätig) handeln, wirken:do or die kämpfen od untergehen;it’s do or die now! jetzt gehts ums Ganze!3. weiter-, vorankommen:a) vorwärtskommen, Erfolge haben ( beide:b) gut gedeihen (Getreide etc)( → B 4, B 5);do better sich verbessern4. Leistungen vollbringen:a) seine Sache gut machen,b) viel Geld verdienen ( → B 3, B 5);he did better than expected er schnitt besser als erwartet ab;his son is doing well at school seinem Sohn geht es in der Schule gut5. sich befinden:a) gesund sein,b) in guten Verhältnissen leben,c) sich gut erholen ( → B 3, B 4);how do you do? guten Tag! (bei der Vorstellung)6. auskommen, zurande kommenthat will (not) do das genügt oder reicht (nicht);it will do tomorrow es hat Zeit bis morgen;we’ll make it do wir werden schon damit auskommen8. angehen, recht sein, sich schicken, passen:that won’t do!a) das geht nicht (an)!,b) das wird nicht gehen!;it won’t do to be rude mit Grobheit kommt man nicht weit(er), man darf nicht unhöflich sein9. (im pprerfect) aufhören:have done! hör auf!, genug (davon)!;he treats his children as I do my dogs er behandelt seine Kinder wie ich meine Hunde;you know it as well as I do du weißt es so gut wie ich;he sang better than he had ever done before er sang besser, als (er) je zuvor (gesungen hatte);she likes cats. so do I ich auch;he does not work hard, does he? er arbeitet nicht viel, nicht wahr?;he works hard, doesn’t he? er arbeitet viel, nicht wahr?;did he buy it? he did ja(wohl);do you understand? I don’t nein;he sold his car. did he? wirklich?, so?;I wanted to go there, and I did so ich wollte hingehen und tat es auchdo you know him? kennen Sie ihn?I do not believe it ich glaube es nicht;do not go there gehen Sie nicht hin!;don’t tun Sie es nicht!, lassen Sie das!3. zur Verstärkung:I do apologize tut mir wirklich leid;you do ask questions du stellst vielleicht Fragen;do sit down nehmen Sie doch bitte Platz;I do like it mir gefällt es wirklich;but I do see it! aber ich sehe es doch!;I did see it, but ich sah es wohl oder zwar, aber;do try to understand it versteh das doch;be quiet, do sei doch still!rarely does one see such things solche Dinge sieht man (nur) seltendo2 [duː] pl dos, do’s [duːz] s1. sl Schwindel m, Gaunerei f2. besonders Br umg Fete f, Feier f3. fair do’s!a) sei nicht unfair!,b) gleiches Recht für alle!4. pl umg Gebote pl:do’s and don’ts Gebote und Verbote, (Spiel)Regelndo3 [dəʊ] s MUS do n (Solmisationssilbe)* * *I 1. transitive verb,neg. coll. don't, pres. t. he does, neg. (coll.) doesn't, p.t. did, neg. (coll.) didn't, pres. p. doing, p.p. done1) (perform) machen [Hausaufgaben, Hausarbeit, Examen, Handstand]; vollbringen [Tat]; tun, erfüllen [Pflicht]; tun, verrichten [Arbeit]; ausführen [Malerarbeiten]; vorführen [Trick, Striptease, Nummer, Tanz]; durchführen [Test]; aufführen [Stück]; singen [Lied]; mitmachen [Rennen, Wettbewerb]; spielen [Musikstück, Rolle]; tun [Buße]do the shopping/washing up/cleaning — einkaufen [gehen]/abwaschen/sauber machen
do a lot of reading/walking — etc. viel lesen/spazieren gehen usw.
do a dance/the foxtrot — tanzen/Foxtrott tanzen
do something to something/somebody — etwas mit etwas/jemandem machen
what can I do for you? — was kann ich für Sie tun?; (in shop) was darf's sein?
do something about something/somebody — etwas gegen etwas/jemanden unternehmen
not know what to do with oneself — nicht wissen, was man machen soll
that does it — jetzt reicht's (ugs.)
that's done it — (caused a change for the worse) das hat das Fass zum Überlaufen gebracht; (caused a change for the better) das hätten wir
that will/should do it — so müsste es gehen; (is enough) das müsste genügen
do a Garbo — (coll.) es der Garbo (Dat.) gleichtun
the car does/was doing about 100 m.p.h./does 45 miles to the gallon — das Auto schafft/fuhr mit ungefähr 160 Stundenkilometer/frisst (ugs.) od. braucht sechs Liter pro 100 Kilometer
2) (spend)3) (produce) machen [Übersetzung, Kopie]; anfertigen [Bild, Skulptur]; herstellen [Artikel, Produkte]; schaffen [Pensum]5) (prepare) machen [Bett, Frühstück]; (work on) machen (ugs.), fertig machen [Garten, Hecke]; (clean) sauber machen; putzen [Schuhe, Fenster]; machen (ugs.) [Treppe]; (arrange) [zurecht]machen [Haare]; fertig machen [Korrespondenz, Zimmer]; (make up) schminken [Lippen, Augen, Gesicht]; machen (ugs.) [Nägel]; (cut) schneiden [Nägel]; schneiden [Gras, Hecke]; (paint) machen (ugs.) [Zimmer]; streichen [Haus, Möbel]; (attend to) sich kümmern um [Bücher, Rechnungen, Korrespondenz]; (repair) in Ordnung bringen6) (cook) bratenwell done — durch[gebraten]
7) (solve) lösen [Problem, Rätsel]; machen [Puzzle, Kreuzworträtsel]8) (study, work at) machen; haben [Abiturfach]10) (sl.): (defeat, kill) fertig machen (ugs.)11) (traverse) schaffen [Entfernung]13) (coll.): (visit) besuchendo Europe in three weeks — Europa in drei Wochen absolvieren od. abhaken (ugs.)
14) (satisfy) zusagen (+ Dat.); (suffice for, last) reichen (+ Dat.)2. intransitive verb, forms as1.you can do just as you like — du kannst machen, was du willst
2) (fare)3) (get on) vorankommen; (in exams) abschneidendo well/badly at school — gut/schlecht in der Schule sein
4)how do you do? — (formal) guten Tag/Morgen/Abend!
5) (coll.): (manage)how are we doing for time? — wie steht es mit der Zeit od. (ugs.) sieht es mit der Zeit aus?
7) (be usable)do for or as something — als etwas benutzt werden können
8) (happen)3. verb substitute, forms asNothing doing. He's not interested — Nichts zu machen (ugs.). Er ist nicht interessiert. See also doing; done
1.1) replacing v.: usually not translated2) replacing v. and obj. etche read the Bible every day as his father did before him — er las täglich in der Bibel, wie es schon sein Vater vor ihm getan hatte od. wie schon vor ihm sein Vater
3) as ellipt. auxYou went to Paris, didn't you? - Yes, I did — Du warst doch in Paris, oder od. nicht wahr? - Ja[, stimmt od. war ich]
4) with ‘so’, ‘it’, etcI knew John Lennon. - So did I — Ich kannte John Lennon. - Ich auch
4. auxiliary verbI know you from somewhere, don't I? — wir kennen uns doch irgendwoher, nicht?
+ inf. as pres. or past, forms as 1.but I tell you, I did see him — aber ich sage dir doch, dass ich ihn gesehen habe
little did he know that... — er hatte keine Ahnung, dass...
3) in questions4) in negationI don't or do not wish to take part — ich möchte nicht teilnehmen
5) in neg. commandsdon't or do not expect to find him in a good mood — erwarten Sie nicht, dass Sie ihn in guter Stimmung antreffen
children, do not forget... — Kinder, vergesst [ja] nicht...
don't be so noisy! — seid [doch] nicht so laut!
don't! — tu's/tut's/tun Sie's nicht!
6) + inf. as imper. for emphasis etcdo sit down, won't you? — bitte setzen Sie sich doch!
do be quiet, Paul! — Paul, sei doch mal ruhig!
Phrasal Verbs:- do by- do down- do for- do in- do out- do up- do withII noun3) in pl.the dos and don'ts — die Ge- und Verbote (of Gen.)
* * *v.(§ p.,p.p.: did, done)= ausführen v.tun v.(§ p.,pp.: tat, getan)
См. также в других словарях:
Him — He He (h[=e]), pron. [nom. {He}; poss. {His} (h[i^]z); obj. {Him} (h[i^]m); pl. nom. {They} ([th][=a]); poss. {Their} or {Theirs} ([th][^a]rz or [th][=a]rz); obj. {Them} ([th][e^]m).] [AS. h[=e], masc., he[ o], fem., hit, neut.; pl. h[=i], or hie … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
serve — verb 1 give sb food or drink ADVERB ▪ immediately ▪ Pour the sauce over the pasta and serve immediately. VERB + SERVE ▪ be ready to ▪ Cover and chill the salad until ready to serve … Collocations dictionary
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Deuteronomy 13 — 1 If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder, 2 And the sign or the wonder come to pass, whereof he spake unto thee, saying, Let us go after other gods, which thou hast not known, and let us… … The King James version of the Bible
Exodus 21 — 1 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. 2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. 3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were… … The King James version of the Bible
Psalms 72 — 1 Give the king thy judgments, O God, and thy righteousness unto the king s son. 2 He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment. 3 The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness.… … The King James version of the Bible
Psalms 22 — 1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? 2 O my God, I cry in the day time, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent. 3 But thou art holy, O thou… … The King James version of the Bible
Revelation 22 — 1 And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb. 2 In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of… … The King James version of the Bible
Messiah — Messiah † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Messiah (Or Messias.) The Greek form Messias is a transliteration of the Hebrew, Messiah, the anointed . The word appears only twice of the promised prince (Daniel 9:26; Psalm 2:2); yet, when a… … Catholic encyclopedia
2 Kings 10 — 1 And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to them that brought up Ahab s children, saying, 2 Now as soon as this letter cometh to you, seeing your master s… … The King James version of the Bible